Ecological Zonation of Soils in the Lake Baikal Basin
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ogical Zonation of Soils in the Lake Baikal Basin L. L. Ubugunova, b, *, I. A. Belozertsevac, d, **, V. I. Ubugunovaa, and A. A. Sorokovoyc aInstitute
of General and Experimental Biology, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, 670047 Russia b Buryat State Agricultural Academy, Ulan-Ude, 670024 Russia c Sochava Institute of Geography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, 664033 Russia dIrkutsk State University, Irkutsk, 664011 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] **e-mail: [email protected] Received February 13, 2019; revised April 7, 2019; accepted April 29, 2019
Abstract—Soil-ecological zonation is a new approach to the study of soils, making it possible to consider soil cover a holistic ecological system. On the basis of long-term research in Russia and Mongolia, the authors have ranked plots with a similar soil cover pattern and combination of soil-forming factors and quantified their areas. All the data are unified using the same methodological and classification approach for the two countries. Soil groups with relatively similar bioclimatic factors (the dryness index by M.M. Budyko, the sum of biologically active temperatures, and the type and productivity of vegetation), which play the leading role in soil formation, are combined into soil-ecological provinces (9). Soils with similar lithologic and geomorphologic features (rocks and topography) are grouped into districts (28) at the regional level. The presented soil-ecological map is a kind of integrated information source which reflects exogenous factors of soil formation: climate, relief, rocks, and vegetation. Keywords: Lake Baikal basin, ecology, soils, soil cover, ecological zonation DOI: 10.1134/S1995425519060106
INTRODUCTION Among all the components of ecosystems, soil is characterized by the most pronounced capability to reflect factors of geographical environment, which are kept in the morphological structure of soil profile and in soil cover (Targul’yan and Sokolov, 1978; Ienny, 1994; Sparks, 2003). Soil is a link between abiotic and biotic components of ecosystems (Dobrovol’skii and Nikitin, 2012), and the soil cover is a carrier of information about landscape formation and functioning (Kozlovskii and Goryachkin, 2008). Soil cover may be analyzed as an integral system using soil-ecological zoning (Dobrovol’skii and Urusevskaya, 2004). It is performed with consideration for the soil cover structure, the main bioclimatic parameters, and soil properties and regimes and is a logical result of soil-geographical zoning (Soil-ecological zoning, 1998–1999). This approach reflects the ecological multifunctionality of soils and the diversity of its interaction with various components of ecosystems. Soil-ecological zoning in Russia was performed for the southern Eastern European plain (Pochvenno-ekologicheskoe…, 1997), and there are small-scale soilecological maps of the world (Soil-ecological zoning, 1998–1999) and Russian Federation (Karta pochvenno-ekologicheskogo…, 2013). Mountain areas are still poorly studied (Kovaleva, 2015
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