Economic model of bovine fasciolosis in Nigeria: an update
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Economic model of bovine fasciolosis in Nigeria: an update Paul Olalekan Odeniran 1 & Kehinde Foluke Omolabi 2 & Isaiah Oluwafemi Ademola 1 Received: 24 March 2020 / Accepted: 3 August 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Bovine fasciolosis is a zoonotic infection transmitted by infected freshwater snail—Lymnaea (Radix) natalensis—in tropical regions. The prevalence of bovine fasciolosis in Nigeria is overwhelming with huge financial cost. In the chronic form of the disease, hyperplastic cholangitis and calcification of bile ducts occur with severe liver damage. The aim of the study was to estimate annual economic losses of bovine fasciolosis in Nigeria. Disease prevalence was estimated at 18.3% (8.5–30.6), average annual disease incidence is maintained at 2.5%, an estimated mortality rate of 1.5%, a total liver condemnation rate of 11.1% were estimated from affected liver due to fasciolosis, annual slaughter rate of 10.5% and a total cattle population of 20 million. A total of 7.3% livestock owners consider fasciolosis as a threat, while only 4.3% have ever used molluscicide. Treatment cost of controlling fasciolosis is estimated at US$375,000, which puts the total annual loss due to fasciolosis at US$26.02 million. Both direct and indirect sources of production losses have an impact on the livestock industry in Nigeria. Bovine fasciolosis threatens food security in Nigeria; therefore, further awareness among livestock owners is needed on control strategies to improve the income base for small-scale livestock farmers. Keywords Model . Bovine fasciolosis . Economic . Nigeria
Introduction Fasciola gigantica (liver fluke) is the known causative agent of bovine fasciolosis in Nigeria, causing significant weight loss and liver damage. Fasciolosis is capable of infecting wide range of mammals including wildlife (Odeniran and Ademola, 2016). The economic losses associated with fasciolosis have been estimated at around US$3 billion to livestock and food industries worldwide (Elelu and Eisler, 2018). Globally, more than 300 million cattle are exposed to Fasciola with Switzerland reporting financial losses of €300/animal/cattle annually (Schweizer et al. 2005), which could have increased over the last 15 years. Information on the economic losses to Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-020-02367-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Isaiah Oluwafemi Ademola [email protected] 1
Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
2
Molecular Bio-computation and Drug Design Laboratory, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa
bovine fasciolosis in Nigeria is outdated (Elelu and Eisler, 2018); hence, there is a need for reassessment considering the changing climatic conditions and management practices in this tropical environment. It has been reported that the abundance of freshwater snails and the reproductive rate of a single miracidium is capab
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