Effect of a novel postbiotic containing lactic acid bacteria on the intestinal microbiota and disease resistance of rain
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH PAPER
Effect of a novel postbiotic containing lactic acid bacteria on the intestinal microbiota and disease resistance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Brenda Mora-Sa´nchez . Jose´ Luis Balca´zar
. Tania Pe´rez-Sa´nchez
Received: 28 November 2019 / Revised: 7 May 2020 / Accepted: 19 May 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Objective This study was aimed to assess the effect of a novel postbiotic on bacterial community composition and structure within the intestinal ecosystem of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), as well as evaluate its capacity to protect rainbow trout from Lactococcus garvieae infection. Results After 30 days of dietary postbiotic supplementation, high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that bacterial community composition, diversity and richness were significantly higher in treated fish than in control fish. The proportion of sequences affiliated to the phylum Tenericutes, and to a lesser extent, the phyla Spirochaetes and Bacteroidetes was increased in fish fed a postbiotic-enriched diet
compared to control fish, whereas the abundance of Fusobacteria was higher in control fish. Moreover, the treated fish showed significantly (p \ 0.05) improved protection against L. garvieae compared to control fish. Conclusions These findings suggest that dietary postbiotic supplementation may represent an environmentally friendly strategy for preventing and controlling diseases in aquaculture.
B. Mora-Sa´nchez Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
J. L. Balca´zar (&) University of Girona, 17004 Girona, Spain e-mail: [email protected]
B. Mora-Sa´nchez Department of Animal Health, Centro Veterinario de Diagno´stico e Investigacio´n (CEVEDI), School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Auto´noma de Nicaragua-Leo´n, Leo´n, Nicaragua
Keywords Rainbow trout Lactococcosis Treatment Postbiotic
T. Pe´rez-Sa´nchez Instituto Agroalimentario de Arago´n (IA2), CITA Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain T. Pe´rez-Sa´nchez Pentabiol S.L, 31191 Esquı´roz, Navarra, Spain
J. L. Balca´zar Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), 17003 Girona, Spain
123
Biotechnol Lett
Introduction
Materials and methods
Lactococcosis is a disease caused by Lactococcus garvieae, which is responsible for severe economic losses in farmed marine and freshwater fish species (Vendrell et al. 2006; Gibello et al. 2016; Meyburgh et al. 2017). Disease outbreaks are usually treated with vaccines or antibiotics. Although vaccination has proven effective in protecting fish from lactococcosis, this immunity lasts a short period of time or the process is often ineffective when applied to immunologically immature fish (Ravelo et al. 2006; Embregts and Forlenza 2016). Moreover, the use of antibiotics should be limited due to the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (Cabello et al. 2013; Santos and Ramos 2018). Consequently, new environmentally-fri
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