Effect of Chemical Fertilization on the Impacts of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria in Maize Crops
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Effect of Chemical Fertilization on the Impacts of Plant Growth‑Promoting Rhizobacteria in Maize Crops Fernanda Cristina Nascimento1 · Saveetha Kandasamy2 · George Lazarovits2 · Everlon Cid Rigobelo1 Received: 19 February 2020 / Accepted: 9 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The use of chemical fertilizers strongly promotes productivity in agricultural crops; therefore, large amounts of chemical fertilizers have been used. The use of plant growth-promoting bacteria may be a strategy to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers; however, little is known about the effect of chemical fertilization on the performance of these bacteria through plant–microbe interactions. The present study aimed to verify the performance of Bacillus subtilis, Azospirillum brasilense, B. pumilus, B. amyloliquefaciens, Herbaspirillum seropedicae, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, and the mixtures A. brasilense + B. subtilis, B. pumilus + B. amyloliquefaciens, and H. seropedicae + G. diazotrophicus on parameters such as nitrogen and phosphorus extraction from soil, the concentrations of these nutrients in maize plants, and plant growth in both fertilized and unfertilized soil. The results showed that H. seropedica increased the nitrogen content by 6.6 g kg−1 in leaves and 2.2 g kg−1 in the root when comparing the unfertilized with the fertilized condition. G. diazotrophicus increased the nitrogen content by 3.7 g kg−1 in leaves and 2.4 g kg−1 in the root. B. pumilus increased the phosphorous content by 1.7 g kg−1 in leaves, and B. amyloliquefaciens increased the phosphorous content by 0.61 g kg−1. The present study showed that even though the bacteria presented good performance related to plant growth under fertilized conditions, H. seropedicae, G. diazotrophicus, B. pumilus, and B. amyloliquefaciens could be used in the maize crop with a reduced chemical fertilization dose.
Introduction Rhizospheric microorganisms that are beneficial to plants can colonize plant roots and improve plant growth, development, and nutrient use efficiency through a wide variety of mechanisms [1], such as organic matter mineralization [2, 3], biological control of soil pathogens [4], biological * Everlon Cid Rigobelo [email protected] Fernanda Cristina Nascimento [email protected] Saveetha Kandasamy [email protected] George Lazarovits [email protected] 1
Department of Plant Production, Graduate Program in Agricultural and Livestock Microbiology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Access Way Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, Jaboticabal 14884‑900, Brazil
A & L Biologicals, Agroecological Research Service Center, London, ON, Canada
2
nitrogen fixation [5], phosphorus solubilization [6], potassium and zinc solubilization, and root growth promotion [7]. Many microorganisms, such as Bacillus subtilis [8], B. pumilus [9], B. amyloliquefaciens [10], Herbaspirillum seropedicae [11], and Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, have exhibited
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