Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on its performance as surface application chemical for paper-based packagi
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on its performance as surface application chemical for paper-based packaging Shubhang Bhardwaj . Nishi Kant Bhardwaj . Yuvraj Singh Negi
Received: 16 November 2019 / Accepted: 31 March 2020 Ó Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract Chitosan is a biopolymer that has shown promising results for surface treatment of paper to enhance barrier and mechanical properties. Commercially, chitosan is available with a wide range of degree of deacetylation (DD). Herein, effect of DD on performance of chitosan in surface application of paper is investigated. Surface application of chitosan of different DD (77%, 84% and 94%) was done at a dose of 1.0 ± 0.2 g/m2 on kraft paper and comparison in terms of strength, structural, surface and barrier properties of paper was performed. Different DD of chitosan was confirmed by FTIR analysis. Results showed that breaking length of paper maximally increased by 15.2%/26.6% in machine direction (MD)/cross direction (CD), respectively after surface application of 94% DD chitosan followed by 77% DD and 84% DD. The maximum increase in burst index, stretch in MD and TEA in both directions of paper was
found after surface application of 94% DD chitosan. Results attained by 77% DD and 84% DD chitosan for improvement in burst index, stretch and tensile energy absorption of paper were also encouraging. Maximum increase in stiffness was observed in CD with application of 84% DD chitosan. Double fold of paper also increased the maximum after surface application of 84% DD chitosan. The best results of contact angle, surface energy, Cobb60 and water vapor transmission rate were attained after surface application with 94% DD chitosan whereas the results attained by 77% DD and 84% DD chitosan for contact angle, surface energy, Cobb60 were also encouraging.
S. Bhardwaj N. K. Bhardwaj (&) Avantha Centre for Industrial Research & Development, Paper Mill Campus, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana 135001, India e-mail: [email protected]
Introduction
S. Bhardwaj e-mail: [email protected] S. Bhardwaj Y. S. Negi Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee (IITR), Saharanpur Campus, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh 247001, India e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords Degree of deacetylation Chitosan Surface application Strength properties Barrier properties
Paper and paperboard are environmental friendly packaging materials as compared to their plastic counterpart because of the properties offered e.g. recyclability, biodegradability, sustainability, and renewability. Paper properties are as versatile as paper itself and without required modifications, its use as packaging material becomes inadequate. Innate barrier properties of paper are not good because it has a heterogeneous structure made of cellulosic fiber which
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Cellulose
possesses voids or empty spaces allowing the passage of fluids. Barrier properties in terms of water passage, water
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