Effect of Fe 2 O 3 on the swelling, mechanical and thermal behaviour of NIPAM-based terpolymer
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Effect of Fe2O3 on the swelling, mechanical and thermal behaviour of NIPAM‑based terpolymer Suman Shekhar1 · M. Mukherjee2 · Akhil Kumar Sen2 Received: 13 May 2020 / Revised: 3 August 2020 / Accepted: 7 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract The present work involves fabrication of PNIPAM-based terpolymeric hydrogel magnetite (Fe2O3) composite, i.e. ferrogels by coprecipitation method. The effects of Fe2O3 particles on the properties of resulting hydrogels were examined in terms of swelling studies at different temperatures, deswelling kinetics, mechanical and separation behaviour. The ferrogels were found to have higher equilibrium swelling percentage than conventional hydrogels. This shows that the thermoresponsive behaviour of the FeNTA233, FeNTH233 and FeNTM233 remains unchanged and having a range of phase transition temperature. It was observed that the ferrogels exhibited higher rate of swelling than the conventional hydrogels. FeNTA233, FeNTH233 and FeNTM233 showed non-Fickian type of diffusion. Deswelling study showed that ferrogels exhibited the faster shrinking rate and lost water dramatically. Thermogravimetric studies of ferrogels in air atmosphere were carried out to reveal the kinetics and mechanism of the thermal decomposition reaction through Coats–Redfern calculation and deconvolution procedures. The values of the apparent activation energy E and pre-exponential factor A in Arrhenius equation were calculated. Also, incorporation of magnetite particle increased the storage moduli and compression moduli of ferrogels by reinforcement of network structure. But, it was found that the separation efficiency of ferrogels reduced from the conventional hydrogels. Keywords NIPAM · Ferrogel · Mechanical strength · Thermokinetics
* Suman Shekhar [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Daudnagar College, Daudnagar (Aurangabad), Magadh University, Bodh Gaya, Bihar, India
2
Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
Polymer Bulletin
Introduction N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM)-based thermoresponsive hydrogel has been extensively explored for various applications because of dramatic change in volume, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity due to readily manipulation of external temperature around volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) [1–4]. The tunable thermoresponsive behaviour and swelling kinetics of hydrogels had made them an attractive, popular choice for use in separation process [5–8]. Although a number of studies have been reported on thermoresponsive behaviour and swelling shrinking kinetics of NIPAM-based hydrogel [9–11], the response rate and volume change of the pure hydrogels are generally regarded as diffusion-controlled processes, and thus determined by a collective diffusion coefficient of water through the hydrogel matrix [12]. This suggests that the higher the temperature (i.e. faster diffusion), the faster the response becomes. Also, the poor mechanical properties of hydrogels have
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