Effect of laser surface texturing on the wettability of WC-Co cutting tools
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effect of laser surface texturing on the wettability of WC-Co cutting tools B. Guimarães 1 & C. M. Fernandes 2 & D. Figueiredo 2 & O. Carvalho 1 & F. S. Silva 1 & G. Miranda 1,3 Received: 13 May 2020 / Accepted: 24 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract During machining processes, a high temperature is generated in the cutting zone due to plastic deformation, resulting in an increase of wear and consequently reducing the lifetime of cutting tools. The addition of well-defined patterned surfaces with random or regular microfeatures to cutting tools can improve its wettability, providing an enhanced lubrication effect, a reduced tool-chip friction and a lower tool wear rate. In this sense, this work proposes a laser surface texturing approach of WC-Co green compacts to obtain different cross-hatched micropatterns, for enhancing these tools wettability. Results showed that laser surface texturing allowed to produce well-defined, reproducible and equally spaced cross-hatched micropatterns in WC-Co green compacts. A contact angle of 33.5° was obtained for the experiment with a groove and peak width of 250 μm and 3 laser passages, resulting in a 27% reduction, when compared with an untextured cutting tool (45.8°). This approach was found effective to improve the wettability of WC-Co cutting tools. Keywords WC-Co cutting tools . Laser surface texturing . Micropatterns . Wettability
1 Introduction Cemented carbides are the most widely used material in cutting tools, being used for machining demanding materials, such as, steel alloys, grey cast iron, ductile nodular iron, stainless steel, nickel-base alloys and titanium alloys, among others [1]. The most commonly used constituents of cemented carbides are fine tungsten carbide (WC) particles, which are hard and brittle and cobalt (Co) as metal binder, which is relatively soft and ductile, and also favours densification [2, 3]. These constituents are responsible for the inherent high hardness and toughness, and wear resistance of this material [4, 5]. Machining processes are not yet fully understood due to the complex interaction between deformation and temperature [6, * B. Guimarães [email protected] 1
Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS-UMinho), University of Minho, Campus de Azurém, 4800-058 Guimaraes, Portugal
2
Palbit S.A., P.O. Box 4, 3854-908 Branca, Portugal
3
CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
7]. During these processes, more than 90% of the mechanical work applied to the workpiece is transformed in thermal energy, generating a very high temperature (typically till 1000 °C [4]) in a very small area of the cutting tool (cutting zone), due to plastic deformation [8–10]. This high temperature strongly influences tool wear, tool life, workpiece surface integrity and quality and chip formation mechanisms and contributes to the thermal deformation of the cutting tool, leadin
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