Effect of Nanofly Ash as Lubricant Additive on the Tribological Properties of SAE 10W-30 Oil: A Novel Finding
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effect of Nanofly Ash as Lubricant Additive on the Tribological Properties of SAE 10W-30 Oil: A Novel Finding Harvinder Singh1 • Yogesh Kumar Singla1,2 • Anoop Kumar Singh1 Kashidas Chattopadhayay1
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Received: 3 March 2020 / Accepted: 14 July 2020 Ó The Indian Institute of Metals - IIM 2020
Abstract In this study, nanofly ash was used as an additive in SAE 10W-30 lubricant oil to investigate the tribological properties of modified oil on AISI 4140 steel using an indigenously developed pin-on-disk wear testing setup. Cylindrical pins of AISI 4140 were prepared to wear test the specimens: (a) in dry conditions, i.e., without lubricating oil and without nanofly ash, (b) with lubricating oil, and (c) with lubricating oil ? 0.5 wt% nanofly ash. Specimens tested under lubricating oil ? 0.5 wt% nanofly ash exhibited excellent wear resistance properties of AISI 4140 steel. Preliminary studies revealed that the use of nanofly was beneficial in reducing the coefficient of friction up to 76.5% and wt loss up to 28.9%, when compared with the specimens tested under SAE 10W-30 base oil only. Keywords Tribology Lubricant additive Nanofly ash SAE 10W-30 base oil AISI 4140 steel
1 Introduction Alloy steels are widely used in steel industry, power plants, aerospace industry, automotive sector, oil industries, and many other manufacturing industrial applications. Some of the typical examples are like gears, cams, machinery parts, crankshafts, hydraulic machinery shafts, fork slides, guide
& Yogesh Kumar Singla [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Mechanical Engineering Department, Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
2
Materials Science and Engineering Department, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
rod, chain links, lathe spindles, etc. [1, 2]. The factor that plays the most important role in mechanical efficiency is the friction of the components during operations. Most of the mechanical components fail due to friction. There is no way to completely eliminate the friction from moving components. It can only be minimized by considering effective measures. Therefore, the main focus of researchers is to minimize the friction and wear in order to prevent the energy losses. Lubrication is one of the most effective ways to decrease the friction in sliding components so that it can form an oil film between rubbing surfaces of the moving components to reduce wear. Lubricants can be in the form of mineral oils, synthetic oil, and biological oil. Recently, the use of nanolubricants has been introduced to the industries. Addition of nanoadditives up to certain mild percentages in lubricant oils has shown significant improvement in wear characteristics of components. Researchers in the past decades have studied the addition of nanoparticles like metals and metal oxides, metal sulfides, carbonates, borates, carbon materials, and organic materials [3–7]. Zhang et al. [8] documented that the friction and wear can be signi
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