Effect of nanosized titania on the structure and properties of the composites based on butadienenitrile rubber
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TERIALS AND CERAMICS
Effect of Nanosized Titania on the Structure and Properties of the Composites Based on Butadienenitrile Rubber S. V. Reznichenkoa, V. D. Yulovskayaa, G. M. Kuz’michevaa,*, V. V. Klechkovskayab, A. S. Orekhovb,c, N. V. Sadovskayad, A. A. Gainanovaa, and S. V. Amarantovb a Moscow
b
Technological University, Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies, Moscow, 119571 Russia Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics,” Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333 Russia c National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute,” Moscow, 123182 Russia d Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry, Moscow, 103064 Russia *e-mail: [email protected] Received October 4, 2016
Abstract—Nanocomposites based on butadienenitrile rubber (butadiene copolymer with 28% acrylonitrile) with functional titania nanoparticles of different nature have been obtained, and their complex study by X-ray diffractometry, small-angle X-ray scattering, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe X-ray microanalysis, and X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy has been performed. Differences in the morphology and composition of the surface and transverse cuts of nanocomposites in dependence of nanoparticle characteristics are established. It is found that the nanocomposites with the largest crystallite sizes have the lowest viscosity. It is also revealed that the nature of titania nanoparticles barely affects the vulcanization kinetics, and that the optimal vulcanization time for the composites is 25 min. Uniaxial extension tests have shown that nanocomposites with the best properties can be fabricated by introducing amorphous titania into the polymer (butadienenitrile rubber). DOI: 10.1134/S1063774517050157
INTRODUCTION An important line of research in the chemistry of high-molecular compounds is the design of polymers with new or improved properties. To date, the possibilities of designing new materials by polymerization or polycondensation methods have been exhausted to a large extent. Therefore, emphasis is now made on the modification of polymer structure by introducing fillers, both technical (carbon, shungite, aerosil, talc) and nanosized (carbon nanostructures, metal oxides, organic clays), and forming composites. In this way, one can increase the hardness, strength, shock viscosity, heat resistance, and thermal stability of polymer materials, improve their barrier properties, and reduce combustibility [1]. A promising line of research in the materials science of polymers of recent years is the formation of polymer nanocomposites, which contain nanostructured additives. A decrease in the size of filler particles to the nanolevel results in a significant increase in their specific surface area and, correspondingly, a sharp rise (by several orders of magnitude) in the interfacial area, which determines the properties of material. Due to this, using very small degrees of filling with nanocomponent (to 3%), one can obtain nanocomposites with
characteristics exceeding those
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