Effect of Ni on Surface Energy and Diffusion Creep of Solid Ag
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JMEPEG https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-019-04529-7
Effect of Ni on Surface Energy and Diffusion Creep of Solid Ag S.N. Zhevnenko, I.O. Dmitrieva, and V.E. Antonova (Submitted October 16, 2019; in revised form November 27, 2019) The effect of nickel on surface energy of the solid/gas interface of silver was studied. The measurements were taken using foils according to the previously developed in situ method in an atmosphere of Ar + 10% H2 at high temperatures. This method simultaneously allows one to determine the surface energy and diffusion creep rate. The solubility of nickel in silver is very low, so the measurements were taken for the alloys in the two-phase region with 0.45 at.% Ni and 1.5 at.% Ni, as well as for pure nickel. Nickel is shown to significantly increase the surface energy of silver and slow down the diffusion creep rate. Keywords
diffusion creep, polytherms, silver-nickel alloys, surface energy
1. Introduction Surface energy plays a crucial role in the formation of various nanostructures and their properties (Ref 1-3). It is especially important to know the surface energy of solid phases, as well as its temperature and concentration dependencies, when simulating polycrystalline systems with allowance for the effects of surfaces (Ref 4, 5). The methods for calculating surface energy are currently being developed (Ref 6-8). Meanwhile, direct measurements of surface energy are extremely time-consuming and have almost never been reported in the available literature. The authors of this study have developed methods for measuring the surface energy of solid metal systems (Ref 9-11) and investigated a number of binary solid metal solutions based on copper (Ref 12-14). It is still unclear how the surface energy behaves at maximum solubility, i.e., what value the isotherms of surface energy of solid solutions approach. In two-phase binary systems at constant temperatures, both phases have a constant composition. This composition corresponds to the solubility limit lines in the phase diagram. In this study, we measured the surface energy of the solid/gas interface of alloys in the two-phase region. We chose the Ag(Ni) system due to the extremely low mutual solubility of the components (Fig. 1, (Ref 15)) and its practical relevance. In addition, this system is convenient in terms of maintaining This article is an invited submission to JMEP selected from presentations at the symposium ‘‘Interface Design and Modelling, Wetting and High-Temperature Capillarity,’’ belonging to the topic ‘‘Processing’’ at the European Congress and Exhibition on Advanced Materials and Processes (EUROMAT 2019), held on September 1-5, 2019, in Stockholm, Sweden, and has been expanded from the original presentation. S.N. Zhevnenko, I.O. Dmitrieva, and V.E. Antonova, National University of Science and Technology MISiS, Leninsky pr. 4, Moscow, Russia 119049. Contact e-mail: [email protected].
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance
experimental measurement conditions as both components can be easily recovered and possess
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