Effect of nocturnal EPAP titration to abolish tidal expiratory flow limitation in COPD patients with chronic hypercapnia
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RESEARCH
Effect of nocturnal EPAP titration to abolish tidal expiratory flow limitation in COPD patients with chronic hypercapnia: a randomized, cross‑over pilot study Emanuela Zannin1* , Ilaria Milesi1, Roberto Porta2, Simona Cacciatore1, Luca Barbano2, R. Trentin3, Francesco Fanfulla3, Michele Vitacca2 and Raffaele L. Dellacà1
Abstract Background: Tidal expiratory flow limitation (EFLT) promotes intrinsic PEEP (PEEPi) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Applying non-invasive ventilation (NIV) with an expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) matching PEEPi improves gas exchange, reduces work of breathing and ineffective efforts. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a novel NIV mode that continuously adjusts EPAP to the minimum level that abolishes E FLT. Methods: This prospective, cross-over, open-label study randomized patients to one night of fixed-EPAP and one night of E FLT-abolishing-EPAP. The primary outcome was transcutaneous carbon dioxide pressure (PtcCO2). Secondary outcomes were: peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2), frequency of ineffective efforts, breathing patterns and oscillatory mechanics. Results: We screened 36 patients and included 12 in the analysis (age 72 ± 8 years, FEV1 38 ± 14%Pred). The median EPAP did not differ between the EFLT-abolishing-EPAP and the fixed-EPAP night (median (IQR) = 7.0 (6.0, 8.8) c mH2O during night vs 7.5 (6.5, 10.5) c mH2O, p = 0.365). We found no differences in mean PtcCO2 (44.9 (41.6, 57.2) mmHg vs 54.5 (51.1, 59.0), p = 0.365), the percentage of night time with PtcCO2 > 45 mm Hg was lower (62(8,100)% vs 98(94,100)%, p = 0.031) and ineffective efforts were fewer (126(93,205) vs 261(205,351) events/hour, p = 0.003) during the EFLT-abolishing-EPAP than during the fixed-EPAP night. We found no differences in oxygen saturation and lung mechanics between nights. Conclusion: An adaptive ventilation mode targeted to abolish EFLT has the potential to reduce hypercapnia and ineffective efforts in stable COPD patients receiving nocturnal NIV. Trial registration: ClicalTrials.gov, NCT04497090. Registered 29 July 2020—Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltr ials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04497090. Keywords: Non-invasive ventilation, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Forced oscillation technique, Intrinsic PEEP
*Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Background We have recently introduced a novel automatic ventilation mode that continuously titrates expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP) to the lowest value that abolishes tidal expiratory flow limitation (EFLT) [1]. This method,
© The Author(s) 2020. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the
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