Effect of pH on functional, gas sensing and antimicrobial properties of bio-nanocomposite gelatin film for food packagin
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Effect of pH on functional, gas sensing and antimicrobial properties of bio-nanocomposite gelatin film for food packaging application N.N. Azizun1 • Wan M. Khairul2 • Adibah Izzati Daud3 • N.M. Sarbon1
Revised: 3 October 2020 / Accepted: 6 November 2020 Ó Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India) 2020
Abstract A bio-nanocomposite film is a polymer blend with nanofiller dispersed in a biopolymer matrix. The aim of this study is to investigate the functional, gas sensing and antimicrobial properties of bio-nanocomposite films incorporated with chicken skin gelatin/ tapioca starch/zinc oxide at different pH levels (pH 4, 6, 7 and 8). Bionanocomposite films were prepared using a casting technique followed by the characterization of their functional, gas sensing and antimicrobial properties. Film formulations with pH at different levels showed increased thickness, colour and water vapour permeability (WVP) (p \ 0.05). In addition, the increase of pH in films in chicken skin gelatin bio-nanocomposite films increased the tensile strength (TS), while decreasing the elongation at break (EAB). The highest response for ammonia gas in chicken skin gelatin bio-nanocomposite films was obtained at pH 7, with quick response time (sres) within 10 s. The inhibition zone of Staphylococcus aureus in chicken skin gelatin bionanocomposite films increased with increasing pH levels. Overall, chicken skin gelatin bio-nanocomposite films with a pH level of 8 were found to have the optimal formulation, with the highest values in thickness, and TS, with the lowest values for WVP and EAB. In conclusion, bio-
& N.M. Sarbon [email protected] 1
Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
2
Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
3
Department of Chemical Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02100 Padang Besar, Perlis, Malaysia
nanocomposite chicken skin gelatin films with an alkaline pH are a superior packaging material. Keywords Food packaging Bio-nanocomposite films Zinc oxide nanoparticles pH of films Chicken skin gelatin Gas sensing
Introduction Packaging is defined as a coordinated system of ensuring high-quality, safe food products delivery to satisfy consumers and which provides containment, security, storage, communication, utility and performance (Robertson 2013). Food packaging is typically made from non-biodegradable materials such as polylactic acid (PLA) and polystyrene (PS) which can cause environmental problems and pollution (Othman 2014). Nowadays, interest has increased in using eco-friendly materials from bio-polymers in biodegradable packaging to enhance food quality, health and prolong shelf life (Nazmi et al. 2017; Ahmad et al. 2012). Unfortunately, bio-composite films still have drawbacks in terms of mechanical, thermal and barrier properties (Othman 2014). Therefore, researchers aim to
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