Effect of soil chemical fertilization on the diversity and composition of the tomato endophytic diazotrophic community a
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ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY - RESEARCH PAPER
Effect of soil chemical fertilization on the diversity and composition of the tomato endophytic diazotrophic community at different stages of growth Mónica M. Collavino 1 & E. V. Ramos Cabrera 2 & Cecilia Bruno 3,4 & O. Mario Aguilar 2 Received: 7 February 2020 / Accepted: 2 September 2020 # Sociedade Brasileira de Microbiologia 2020
Abstract The aim of this work was to gain a more comprehensive and perspicacious view of the endophytic diazotrophic community (EDC) of tomato plant bacteria and assess the effects of chemical fertilization and the plant phenologic stage on the status of those microbes. When the EDC of stem and roots from tomato plants grown in a greenhouse with and without exogenous chemical fertilization was examined by pyrosequencing the nifH gene during the growth cycle, a high taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity was observed. The abundant taxa were related to ubiquitous endophytes such as Rhizobium or Burkholderia but also involved anaerobic members usually restricted to flooded plant tissues, such as Clostridium, Geobacter, and Desulfovibrio. The EDC composition appeared to be dynamic during the growth phase of the tomato, with the structure of the community at the early stages of growth displaying major differences from the late stages. Inorganic fertilization negatively affected the diversity and modified the profile of the predominant components of the EDC in the different growth stages. Populations such as Burkholderia and Geobacter plus the Cyanobacteria appeared particularly affected by fertilization. Our work demonstrates an extensive endophytic diazotrophic diversity, suggesting a high potential for nitrogen fixation. The effect of the phenologic stage and inorganic-chemical soil fertilization on the community structure indicated a dynamic community that responded to environmental changes. These findings contribute to a better understanding of endophytic associations that could be helpful in assisting to shape the endomicrobiome that provides essential benefits to crops. Keywords Endophytes . N2-fixing bacteria . Tomato . nifH gene pyrosequencing
Introduction
Responsible Editor: Luc F.M. Rouws. * O. Mario Aguilar [email protected] 1
Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste (IBONE), Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste-CONICET, Corrientes, Argentina
2
Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular (IBBM), Universidad Nacional de La Plata-CONICET, 115 y 49, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
3
Estadística y Biometría. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
4
Unidad de Fitopatología y Modelización Agrícola (UFyMA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
Plants play a key role in the creation and promotion of rhizospheric and endophytic environments by releasing exudates with different organic compounds. Endophytic environments refer to specific locations inside plant organs or tissues in which bacteria have been found
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