Effects of a Web-Based, Evolutionary Mismatch-Framed Intervention Targeting Physical Activity and Diet: a Randomised Con
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Effects of a Web-Based, Evolutionary Mismatch-Framed Intervention Targeting Physical Activity and Diet: a Randomised Controlled Trial Elisabeth B. Grey 1
&
Dylan Thompson 2
&
Fiona B. Gillison 1
# The Author(s) 2019
Abstract Background This study sought to test the effectiveness of a 12-week, novel online intervention (Evolife) aiming to increase physical activity level (PAL) and reduce energy intake (EI) among overweight/obese adults. The intervention used an evolutionary mismatch message to frame health information in an engaging way, incorporating evidence-based behaviour change techniques to promote autonomous motivation, self-efficacy and self-regulatory skills. Method Men and women aged 35–74 years with a BMI of 25–40 kg/m2 were eligible. Participants were randomised to receive either the intervention (comprising a face-to-face introductory session, 12 weeks’ access to the Evolife website and a pedometer) or a control condition (face-to-face introductory session and NHS online health resources). PAL was measured objectively and EI was self-reported using 3-day weighed food records. Secondary measures included BMI, waist circumference and blood pressure. Results Sixty people met inclusion criteria; 59 (30 intervention) completed the trial (mean age = 50; 56% male). Differences between groups’ change scores for PAL and EI were of small effect size but did not reach significance (d = 0.32 and d = − 0.49, respectively). Improvements were found in both groups for PAL (int: d = 0.33; control: d = 0.04), EI (int: d = − 0.81; control: d = − 0.16), waist circumference (int: d = − 0.30; control: d = − 0.17) and systolic blood pressure (int: d = − 0.67; control: d = − 0.28). Conclusion The intervention did not lead to significantly greater improvement in PAL or reduction in EI than a minimal intervention control, although the changes in the intervention group were of meaningful effect size and comparable with positive outcomes in larger intervention trials. Trial Registration This trail was registered on www.clinicaltrials.gov on 16 January 2017 (appeared online 26 January 2017), reference NCT03032731. Keywords Behaviour change . Physical activity . Diet . Randomised controlled trial . Web-based intervention
Introduction Sedentary lifestyles and poor dietary behaviours are major contributors to obesity and associated non-communicable chronic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disorder [1]. Unfortunately, physical inactivity and poor diets are becoming increasingly prevalent in many nations, leading to high health and social costs; in the UK alone, it has been predicted that by 2050, the population obesity rate could be
* Elisabeth B. Grey [email protected] 1
Centre for Motivation and Health Behaviour Change, Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
2
Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
40%, with associated annual costs of £49.9 billion [2]. Improving people’s physical activity and dietary intake is thus recognised as a pub
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