Effects of environmental heterogeneity on phenotypic variation of the endemic plant Lilium pomponium in the Maritime and
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POPULATION ECOLOGY – ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Effects of environmental heterogeneity on phenotypic variation of the endemic plant Lilium pomponium in the Maritime and Ligurian Alps Carmelo Macrì1 · Davide Dagnino1 · Maria Guerrina1 · Frédéric Médail2 · Luigi Minuto1 · John D. Thompson3 · Gabriele Casazza2 Received: 11 December 2019 / Accepted: 12 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Geographical limits of species’ distributions are assumed to be coincident with ecological margins, although this assumption might not always be true. Indeed, harsh environments such as Alpine and Mediterranean ecosystems may favour high phenotypic variability among populations, especially those in peripheral sites. Floral traits are often found to be less variable and less affected by environmental heterogeneity than vegetative traits because variation in the former may have negative effects on fitness. For this reason, it is important to quantify variation in floral traits and plant fecundity in study range limits. The objective of the study is to examine phenotypic variation and differences in reproduction in endemic Lilium pomponium in the Maritime and Ligurian Alps in relation to environmental variation across its distribution range. In this species, marginal climatic populations occur both in the peripheral and central geographical locations of the distribution range; hence, geographical and ecological gradients are not concordant. Floral trait variation is related to local environmental conditions with an array of interactions among resource availability, potential pollen limitation and population size that are differentially related to floral traits. Contrary to the general expectation, all central and peripheral populations had similar, moderate seed production with each group limited by different factors acting on different stages of the life-history strategy. Our results are in line with the idea that general expectations are confirmed only when its assumptions are met and that the differences in pollination environment along an environmental gradient may not be the main determinant of the distribution limit. Keywords Climatic niche · Altitude · Distribution range · Centre–periphery hypothesis · Endemic plant
Introduction Communicated by Amy Parachnowitsch. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-020-04806-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Luigi Minuto [email protected] 1
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra dell’Ambiente e della Vita (DISTAV), University of Genoa, Corso Europa 26, 16132 Genoa, Italy
2
Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille Université, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, Technopôle de l’Arbois-Méditerranée, BP 80, 13545 Aix‑en‑Provence Cedex 4, France
3
Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, CNRS, 1919 route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
There is much interest in ecology and evolution in the occurrence of
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