Effects of three constant temperature ranges to control Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae): a serious pest
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE
Effects of three constant temperature ranges to control Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae): a serious pest of pulses in Egypt Youssef M. Omar 1 & M.A. Mahmoud 2 Received: 26 February 2020 / Accepted: 4 May 2020 # African Association of Insect Scientists 2020
Abstract The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of constant temperature (16, 24 and 32 °C) on the biology of Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). The study revealed that all the biological parameters C. chinensis were affected by the three temperatures tested. The results showed that the duration of egg, larval, pupal and adult longevity were decreased as the temperature increased. The longest duration needed for the insect to complete its life cycle was 76.8 days at 16 °C. Increasing temperature from 16 to 32 °C reduced the period duration needed for the insect to complete its life cycle to 24.7 days at 32 °C. The most favorable temperature for the development of egg, larva and pupa of C. chinensis was 32 °C. The developmental thresholds were 10.62, 7.80, 10.23 and 8.98 °C and the corresponding thermal units were 83.57, 359.45, 137.40 and 579.52 day-degree for egg, larval, pupal and from egg to adult, respectively. Also, analysis of variance showed significant effect of temperature on the pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods. It was clear that survival period of the adult decreased considerably with the increase in temperature from 16 to 32 °C. Also, the data showed that the adult females lived longer than males at all tested temperatures. Keywords Callosobruchus chinensis . Biology . Longevity . Temperature
Introduction Pulses play an important role as an energy supplier for human being with a significant amount of carbohydrates and fats. They also play an important role in sustaining soil fertility (Vishwanatha et al. 2011). Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a highly nutritious pulse cultivated throughout the world and is placed in the third rank in its importance among the leguminous food. It contains 38–59% carbohydrates and 25.3– 28.9% proteins (Hulse 1991). Chickpea seeds in developing countries suffer heavy qualitative and quantitative losses from the attack of pulse beetle, Callosobruchus chinensis L. (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) (Alam 1971).
* M.A. Mahmoud [email protected] 1
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University, P.O. Box: 71526, Assiut, Egypt
2
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, P.O. Box: 71524, Assiut, Egypt
The insect invasion causes a reduction in weight, market value and germination of chickpea seeds (IITA 1989). The pulse beetle, C. chinensis is one of the most destructive pests of stored products particularly chickpea (Yusof and Ho 1992; Subramanyam and Hagstrum 1995). It is responsible for an average of 32–64% loss under storage in different parts of Asia and Africa (Raja et al. 2007). Earlier, the biology of the pulse beetle had been studied by several researchers e.g
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