Effects of Ultrasonic Nanocrystal Surface Modification on the Residual Stress, Microstructure, and Corrosion Resistance
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UCTION
AUSTENITIC stainless steels (SS) are widely used due to a good combination of mechanical properties, weldability, and corrosion resistance. However, AISI 304 SS welds are known to be susceptible to corrosion in chloride solution. Welding-induced tensile stresses in materials can be deleterious to the fatigue and corrosion resistance, as reported in the literature.[1] Advanced mechanical surface treatment techniques have been used to modify the nature of the residual stresses. For example, shot peening (SP),[2] laser shock peening (LSP),[3–8] and low plasticity burnishing (LPB),[9] have been reported to generate beneficial compressive residual stresses in the near-surface region of mechanical components. In addition, these advanced mechanical surface treatment techniques are reported to induce nanocrystallization on metal surfaces to improve mechanical properties.[5,9] Ultrasonic nanocrystal surface modification (UNSM)[10–12] is an innovative surface processing technique that utilizes ultrasonic strikes to induce near-surface grain refinement, hardening, and compressive
CHANG YE is with the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron OH 44325-3903. Contact e-mail: [email protected] ABHISHEK TELANG, AMRINDER GILL, XINGSHUO WEN, SEETHA R. MANNAVA, and VIJAY K. VASUDEVAN are with the Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati OH 45221-0072. DONG QIAN is with the Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080-3021. Manuscript submitted May 25, 2017.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A
residual stresses in metals. UNSM has been successfully used to process carbon steel,[10,13] stainless steel,[14] NiTi,[15] Ti64,[16] bulk metallic glass,[17] and magnesium alloys[18,19] for improved properties and performance. In a recent study, the effects of UNSM on the stress corrosion cracking behavior of low-carbon steel-welded joint were studied.[20] 304 SS is the most widely used stainless steel in refineries, power plants, etc. where welds can be exposed to chloride corrosion. In another recent study, the effect of UNSM on the pitting corrosion of 304 SS was studied.[21] It was observed that the grain refinement induced by UNSM resulted in greater Cr enrichment in the surface passive film and the breakdown and removal of inclusion particle, leading to higher pitting corrosion resistance. UNSM has also been reported to eliminate tensile residual stresses and impart compressive residual stresses in 3D-printed Ti64.[16] Residual stresses play an important in the properties of welds. It is thus worthy to study the effect of UNSM on the residual stress status of welds. Till now, the effects of UNSM on the microstructure, residual stresses, and properties of SS welds have not been studied. Considering that UNSM can eliminate surface tensile residual stresses and induce beneficial compressive residual stresses, it is thus important to investigate the effects of UNSM on the microstructure, residual stresses, and corrosion resista
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