Elaboration and Evaluation of Membranes from Biopolymers as Delivery System of Plant Extracts
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Elaboration and Evaluation of Membranes from Biopolymers as Delivery System of Plant Extracts Rodríguez-García A., Luis J. Galán-Wong L.J., Arévalo-Niño K.* Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon. Pedro de Alba y Av. Manuel L. Barragan S/N. Cd. Universitaria. San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L. CP. 66450. Mexico. *Corresponding autor: [email protected]
ABSTRACT Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans are considered key pathogens in periodontitis that is the principal cause of tooth loss in adults. The treatment of periodontal disease consists on the use of chemicals which can alter oral microbiota and have undesirable side-effects such as vomiting, diarrhea and tooth staining. At recent years, the use of natural sources like biomaterials such as biopolymers and plant extracts are enjoying great popularity. Chitosan and pullulan are polymers that have been proposed due to their favorable properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, adhesion ability and nontoxicity. The aim of this study was to develop films from chitosan and pullulan containing plant extracts as delivery system and determine the in vitro antibacterial activity against periodontopathogen microorganisms and their stability under different conditions of storage.
INTRODUCTION Dental diseases are chronic infections caused by oral bacteria harboring the dental biofilm. Periodontitis is an infectious and inflammatory process that is associated with anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria [1] and affects teeth-supporting structures and is the major cause of tooth loss in adults. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans are considered the principal microorganisms involved in the process. The aim of current periodontal therapy is to remove the bacterial deposits from the tooth surface and to shift the pathogenic microbiota to one compatible with periodontal health [2]. Therapeutic approaches include surgical techniques and mechanical debridement of the root surfaces and/or treatment of the infection with systemic or local antibiotics [3]. Local delivery of antimicrobial agents is becoming more prevalent since it leads to higher concentration of the drug at the intended site of action using a lower dose with an associated reduction in side effects relative to systemic administration. In the last decade, polymer based technologies have found wide biomedical applications. Natural polymers as chitosan and pullulan have the property of encapsulating a diverse range of molecules of biological interest and bear distinct therapeutic advantages such as controlled release of drugs, protection against the premature degradation of drugs and reduction of drug toxicity. These are important considerations in the long-duration treatment of infectious diseases.
Due to these properties, they are widely used for biomedical applications such as tissue engineering scaffolds, drug delivery, wound dressings, separation membranes and antibacterial coatings. Delivery sys
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