Chemical composition and evaluation of anti-diabetic activity of oil extracts from Oliveria decumbens , Thymus kotschyan
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Chemical composition and evaluation of anti‑diabetic activity of oil extracts from Oliveria decumbens, Thymus kotschyanus, Trachyspermum ammi and Zataria multiflora Roghayeh Siahbalaei1 · Gholamreza Kavoosi1 Received: 25 July 2020 / Accepted: 3 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract This study evaluates the anti-diabetic and anti-oxidative potential of oil extracts from four Iranian medicinal plants, namely Oliveria decumbens, Thymus kotschyanus, Trachyspermum ammi, and Zataria multiflora, obtained by simulated in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The phytochemical analysis showed that oil extracts are rich in active substances such as phenolic compounds and essential fatty acids. In specific, they are rich in carvacrol, thymol, and functional polyunsaturated fatty acids, including linoleic and α-linolenic acids. This study demonstrated that, oil extracts from these plants exhibit moderate anti-glucose oxidation, anti-lipid peroxidation, anti-protein oxidation, and anti-protein glycation, also with a semi-strong capacity for anti-amylase and anti-glucosidase activity. These effects may be due to considerable potentials of these compounds in metal ions and free hydroxyl radicals scavenging, as well as competitive and mixed non-competitive inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. Keywords Medicinal plant · Fatty acids · Anti-diabetes · Glucose oxidation · Amylase · Glucosidase
Introduction Diabetes mellitus, as the most common form of diabetes, is mainly related to genetic factors and lifestyle. An extreme increase in blood glucose emerging from a deficiency in insulin activity is the main symptom of diabetes. Decreasing the postprandial hyperglycemia through inhibition of sugarhydrolyzing enzymes viz., α-amylase, and α-glucosidase can be an important approach to avoid hyperglycemia-linked diabetes [1]. Voglibose, acarbose, and miglitol are assigned to target these enzymes. However, abdominal distension, flatulence, and meteorism are the major side effects occurring after the administration of these drugs. In addition, metabolic disturbance and oxidative stress in diabetic conditions, an increase in free radicals production via glucose oxidation, Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s11694-020-00642-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Gholamreza Kavoosi [email protected] 1
Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz 71441‑65186, Islamic Republic of Iran
nonenzymatic glycosylation (glycation) of proteins, and subsequent oxidative degradation of glycated proteins result in complications in neurological, urological, cardiovascular, kidney, and eye systems [2]. Therefore, utilizing natural compounds with anti-diabetic capabilities and fewer side effects has been studied worldwide. In this regard, natural anti-oxidants can be employed as an effective approach to manage diabetes and oxidative
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