Elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane polymer on conductive interdigitated electrode for analyzing skin hydration dynamics
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Elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane polymer on conductive interdigitated electrode for analyzing skin hydration dynamics Santheraleka Ramanathan1 · M. Jusoh2 · T. Sabapathy2 · M. N. Yasin2,3 · Subash C. B. Gopinath1,4 · H. ARahim2 · M. N. Osman2 · Y. Abdul Wahab5 Received: 8 June 2020 / Accepted: 20 August 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract With an approach towards generating a wearable skin hydration detecting system, simple, cheap, and flexible skin hydration sensing strategy was demonstrated here using an interdigitated electrode (IDE) coated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. Aluminium IDE with a 400 µm gap and 250 µm electrode sizes were fabricated using a photolithography method. Morphological characterizations were performed using a high power microscope, 3D-profilometer, and scanning electron microscope. The dimensions of electrodes and gaps measured through electron microscopic analysis affirmed the exactness of IDE and the fabrication process. After coated with PDMS polymer, the IDE/PDMS surface was examined under a high power microscope and 3D-profilometer. The optical characterization revealed the polymer was coated on IDE through the colorshade changes and smooth surface observed under an optical microscope and the respective 3D-visualization. IDE/PDMS was also analyzed by an atomic force microscope, revealing the smoothness of the IDE surface. Electrical characterizations were performed using different pH and urea solutions and the sweat to investigate the influence of real-time and artificial sweat on IDE/PDMS. As the device showed appropriate results with real-time sweat and no effect with artificial interferences, it is highly encouraged and recommended for detecting skin hydration and the related illnesses with the point-of-care concept. Keywords Skin sensor · Optical characterization · Skin hydration · Sweat
1 Introduction The skin has the capability of changing its structure and returning to the normal, can be an indication of lacking hydration or liquid pick-up. It is a consequential condition * M. Jusoh [email protected] 1
Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
2
Advanced Communication Engineering (ACE) Centre of Excellence, School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Campus Pauh Putra, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
3
School of Microelectronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Campus Pauh Putra, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
4
School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
5
Nanotechnology and Catalysis Research Centre, Deputy Vice Chancellor (Research and Innovation) Office, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
especially with kids and older people [1, 2]. The common sicknesses like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and malignant growth can be related to different skin hydration levels [3]. Thus, effortless and efficient detection strategies for skin hydration are importa
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