Election Systems and Gerrymandering Worldwide
This book explores the similarities and differences among national election systems around the globe and sheds light on how election systems are susceptible to gerrymandering, which is the process by which an incumbent or a political party attempts to man
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Steve Bickerstaff
Election Systems and Gerrymandering Worldwide
Studies in Choice and Welfare
Editors-in-Chief M. Fleurbaey, USA M. Salles, France
Series Editors B. Dutta, United Kingdom W. Gaertner, Germany C. Herrero Blanco, Spain B. Klaus, Switzerland P. K. Pattanaik, USA K. Suzumura, Japan W. Thomson, USA
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/6869
Steve Bickerstaff
Election Systems and Gerrymandering Worldwide
Steve Bickerstaff University of Texas Law School The University of Texas at Austin Austin, TX, USA
Some portions of this book previously appeared in Chap. 9, Redistricting from a Practitioner’s Viewpoint, by Steve Bickerstaff in the American Bar Association book International Election Remedies (2017). ISSN 1614-0311 ISSN 2197-8530 (electronic) Studies in Choice and Welfare ISBN 978-3-030-30836-0 ISBN 978-3-030-30837-7 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30837-7 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG. The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland
This book is dedicated to my wife, Charlotte Carter. Her patience was phenomenal. I am retired so I had to research and write this book primarily from home. Charlotte withstood my grouchy impertinence and made my work environment comfortable and forgiving. Thank you—it could not have been easy.
Acknowledgement
I also wish to acknowledge the invaluable assistance of Sherry McCall and Becky Vragel.
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Contents
1
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1
2
The Many Disguises of Gerrymandering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 The Origin of the Word “Gerrymander” . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Why Gerrymander
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