Electrodeposition and Properties of Composites Consisting of Carbon Nanotubes and Copper
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JMEPEG https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-018-3623-0
Electrodeposition and Properties of Composites Consisting of Carbon Nanotubes and Copper Shaoli Fu, Xiaohong Chen, Ping Liu, Wei Liu, Pengzhong Liu, Ke Zhang, and Haohan Chen (Submitted July 11, 2017; in revised form July 5, 2018) Copper–matrix–carbon nanotubes (Cu–CNTs) composite films were prepared in a Cu plating solution with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using electrodeposition. The MWCNTs surface treatment method, electroplating solution system, electroplating conditions, heat treatment process and other parameters of this process are discussed. The results showed that MWCNTs purified by HCl treatment and dispersed by stearyltrimethylammonium bromide are more suitable as add-on materials for the preparation of the copper matrix composite films by electrodeposition. An appropriate heat treatment process was able to improve the structures and properties of the composite films. The final products showed that the MWCNTs were evenly distributed in the composite films and joined with the copper grains to form a mutually entangled mesh structure with excellent corrosion resistance (3.19 3 1028 X M) and a hardness of 53.5 HV. All this was possible through extensive optimization of the electrodeposition and post-treatment parameters. Keywords
CNTs, composite films, conductivity, corrosion resistance, electrodeposition
1. Introduction Copper and its alloys are required to have both high strength and high electric and thermal conductivity to be used in electrical and electronic applications (Ref 1, 2). Pure copper indeed shows these characteristics but has low strength. Therefore, the development of the copper matrix composites with good electrical and thermal conductivity as well as high strength is very important. Since their discovery in 1991 (Ref 3-6), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been actively studied because of their excellent mechanical, electrical and thermal properties (Ref 7-9) as well as fillers for different composites. In particular, combination of the metals with CNTs showed significant improvements in the performance of the metal matrices (Ref 10-15). There are various methodologies for fabricating metal– CNTs composite films, such as powder metallurgy (Ref 16), electroless deposition (Ref 17), electrophoresis deposition (Ref 18), electrodeposition (Ref 19, 20). The latter one proved to be an effective way for obtaining metal/carbon composites with excellent interfacial bonding. The extraordinary strength of these composites is attributed to the metal grain refinement and homogeneous dispersion of carbon nanomaterials (Ref 21). Thus, one can conclude that a homogeneous dispersion and codeposition of metals and CNTs are very important to form a homogeneous dispersion of CNTs in the composite films (Ref 22, 23).
Shaoli Fu, Xiaohong Chen, Ping Liu, Wei Liu, Pengzhong Liu, Ke Zhang, and Haohan Chen, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China. Contact e-mails: [email protected], lpz0328@16
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