Electromagnetic radiation from memristor applied to basal ganglia helps in controlling absence seizures
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Electromagnetic radiation from memristor applied to basal ganglia helps in controlling absence seizures Mary Vinaya
· Rose P. Ignatius
Received: 26 August 2019 / Accepted: 10 September 2020 © Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract We study a model modified from basal ganglia corticothalamic network to explore the occurrence of absence seizures under the effect of electromagnetic radiation from a memristor. Absence seizure activities have been studied by varying the coupling strength of TRN-SRN pathway and the synaptic kinetics of GABA B receptors on TRN. It has been seen from the numerical simulations that when electromagnetic radiation from a memristor is applied to basal ganglia, spike and wave discharge oscillation region characteristic of absence seizure phenomenon has been reduced considerably. The combined action of electromagnetic radiation and inhibitory SNr-TRN and SNr-SRN pathways has also been investigated. The results show that presence of electromagnetic radiation aids in suppressing the formation of absence seizure activities in corticothalamic system. Our computational results may help to provide an insight in the treatment of real absence epilepsy patients. Keywords Absence epilepsy · Memristor · Neuronal Network
M. Vinaya (B) Department of Physics, St. Teresa’s College, Ernakulam, India e-mail: [email protected] R. P. Ignatius Department of Physics, Al Ameen College, Edathala, India
1 Introduction Absence epilepsy is a type of non-motor seizures which is more common in children than adults. Absence epileptic patient becomes unconscious for a short time. It can happen very frequently [1]. The characteristic feature of absence epilepsy is the occurrence of bilaterally synchronous spike and wave discharges (SWDs). These discharges are found to have an approximate frequency range of 2–4 Hz [1,2]. Many research papers have reported that SWDs are generated due to the interaction of cortex and thalamus during absence seizures [3–5]. It is also reported that basal ganglia also plays an effective role in different brain functions and diseases. The input and output projections of basal ganglia can affect the dynamics of the corticothalamic system. The active role of basal ganglia in modulating absence seizures has been reported in animal experiments [6–9] and human neuroimaging dataset [10–12]. But the controlling mechanism of basal ganglia in regulating absence seizures is not clearly known due to the complexity involved. One of the important nucleus of basal ganglia to the thalamus is the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). Research papers on several rodent animal models have reported that alterations in the firing pattern of SNr neurons can affect absence seizure activities [7,9,11–13]. It is also reported that absence seizures can be suppressed by inactivating the SNr neurons [7,8]. The inhibitory action of the indirect pathway from the SNr to the tha-
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lamic reticular nucleus is thought to be responsible for this anti epileptic effect [7,8]. SNr a
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