Electron Spin Resonance Properties of CrI 3 and CrCl 3 Single Crystals
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MRS Advances © 2019 Materials Research Society DOI: 10.1557/adv.2019.241
Electron Spin Resonance Properties of CrI3 and CrCl3 Single Crystals C. L. Saiz1, M. A. McGuire2, S. R. J. Hennadige3, J. van Tol4, S. R. Singamaneni1 1
Department of Physics, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
2
Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
3
Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas 79968, USA
4
National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, USA
ABSTRACT
Developing functional, cleavable two-dimensional materials for use in next generation devices has recently become a topic of considerable interest due to their unique properties. Of particular interest, transition metal halides CrI3 and CrCl3 have shown to be good contenders for tunable and cleavable magnetic materials due to their unique magnetic properties in the monolayer. Here, electron spin resonance spectroscopy is used to pinpoint the atomic origins and underlying mechanisms of magnetic interactions as a function of temperature (5-500 K) and microwave frequency (9.43, 120 GHz) on CrI3 and CrCl3 bulk single crystals. ESR signals from CrI3 due to Cr3+ were observed to decay at 460 K, while ESR signals from CrCl 3 remain up to 500 K. In the case of CrCl3, the temperature dependences of signal behavior, line width and g-value show characteristic signatures of ferromagnetic fluctuations at around 40 K, near to the antiferromagnetic phase transition at 17 K.
INTRODUCTION The discovery and subsequent research excitement of new van der Waals magnetic materials such as CrI3 and CrCl3 in the post silicon era offers novel applications in computing and data storage due to the unexpected magnetic properties associated with
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the reduced dimension and layered structure. This is because such materials have weak van der Waals forces between layers, and therefore can be cleavable down to a monolayer where unique magnetic properties can be observed [1-3]. Particularly, the transition metal halides CrI3 and CrCl3 are shown to be good contenders for tunable and cleavable magnetic materials [4-6]. In these compounds, Cr3+ ions are arranged in a honeycomb network and located at the centers of edge-sharing octahedra of six halogen atoms. CrI3 is a ferromagnet with a Curie temperature (TC) of 61 K, while CrCl3 is an inplane ferromagnet and out-of-plane antiferromagnet with an ordering temperature (Néel temperature, TN) near 17 K [7-9]. The cleavable crystals are semiconducting, and because of these unique magnetic properties, are currently being actively researched for next-generation spintronic and magnetoelectronic applications [10-16]. By the nature of their crystal structures
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