Elevated Rates of Restraint and Seclusion in Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients in China and Their Associated F
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Elevated Rates of Restraint and Seclusion in Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients in China and Their Associated Factors Feng Geng1,2,3,4 · Feng Jiang5 · Rachel Conrad6,7 · Tingfang Liu8 · Yuanli Liu9 · Huanzhong Liu4 · Yi‑lang Tang10,11 Accepted: 30 September 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract To investigate the rate of restraint and seclusion (R&S) use in child and adolescent psychiatric inpatients in China and to examine factors associated with use of these interventions. As part of an official national survey, 41 provincial tertiary psychiatric hospitals in China were selected. Data from 196 youth inpatients discharged from these hospitals from March 19 to 31, 2019 were retrieved and analyzed. (1) The overall rate of R&S was 29.1% (N = 57) and the rate of restraint was 28.6% (N = 56), and seclusion was 11.7% (N = 23) respectively. (2) Compared to patients who did not require R&S, those who required R&S were more likely to have been hospitalized on an involuntary basis, more likely to present with either manic symptoms or aggressive behavior as primary reason for admission, had more frequent aggressive behaviors during hospitalization, and had a significantly longer length of stay. (3) A logistic regression showed that aggressive behaviors during hospitalization was significantly associated with the use of R&S (OR = 21.277, p
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