Enabling Solar Fuels Technology With High Throughput Experimentation
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Enabling Solar Fuels Technology With High Throughput Experimentation J. M. Gregoire1, J. A. Haber1, S. Mitrovic1, C. Xiang1, S. Suram1, P. F. Newhouse1, E. Soedarmadji1, M. Marcin1, K. Kan1, D. Guevarra1, R. Jones1, N. Becerra1, E. W. Cornell2, J. Jin2 1
Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA. 2 Engineering Division and Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. ABSTRACT The High Throughput Experimentation (HTE) project of the Joint Center for Artificial Photosynthesis (JCAP, http://solarfuelshub.org/) performs accelerated discovery of new earthabundant photoabsorbers and electrocatalysts. Through collaboration within the DOE solar fuels hub and with the broader research community, the new materials will be utilized in devices that efficiently convert solar energy, water and carbon dioxide into transportation fuels. JCAP-HTE builds high-throughput pipelines for the synthesis, screening and characterization of photoelectrochemical materials. In addition to a summary of these pipelines, we will describe several new screening instruments for high throughput (photo-)electrochemical measurements. These instruments are not only optimized for screening against solar fuels requirements, but also provide new tools for the broader combinatorial materials science community. We will also describe the high throughput discovery, follow-on verification, and device implementation of a new quaternary metal oxide catalyst. This rapid technology development from discovery to device implementation is a hallmark of the multi-faceted JCAP research effort. INTRODUCTION The widespread deployment of new energy technologies requires discovery and development of new functional materials.1 Artificial photosynthesis is a next-generation energy technology with several substantial materials challenges.2, 3 Proposed designs for an artificial photosynthesis device or solar fuel generator involve coupling of electrocatalysts to light absorbing semiconductors to provide solar-driven photoelectrochemical reactions.2, 3 4 Successful development of such a device requires discovery of both photoabsorbers and electrocatalysts for the pertinent reactions. Given the limited solar irradiation power density, generation of fuel at market-relevant levels will require a large-scale, distributed technology.5, 6 As a result, desirable traits for new high performance materials include high earth abundance, facile synthesis methods and insensitivity to small variations in composition. To identify new photoabsorbers and electrocatalysts with these traits, we are building a high throughput pipeline for accelerated materials discovery. The development of the accelerated discovery pipeline within a solar fuels research center provides very powerful capabilities with respect to the design and operation of the pipeline. As discussed below, the performance screening metrics employed in the pipeline are developed according to the
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