Endo-xylanase induced xylooligosaccharide production from corn cobs, its structural features, and concentration-dependen
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Endo-xylanase induced xylooligosaccharide production from corn cobs, its structural features, and concentration-dependent antioxidant activities Ishu Khangwal 1 & Suresh Nath 2 & Naveen Kango 2 & Pratyoosh Shukla 1 Received: 25 June 2020 / Revised: 27 August 2020 / Accepted: 2 September 2020 # Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are considered as prebiotics, as they help in enhancing the growth of beneficial microbes found in the gut. In the present study, partially purified xylanase from Thermomyces lanuginosus VAPS-24 was used for the production of XOS from xylan extracted from corn cobs. The mild alkali treatment with 20% NaOH yielded 32 ± 1.8% (w/w) xylan and it was structurally characterized by FTIR. The corn cob xylan (2% w/v), when treated with partially purified 20 U VAPS-24 xylanase for 8 h at 45°C, yielded 6.9 ± 0.03 mg/ml of XOS. The XOS contained mainly xylobiose (X2) and xylotriose (X3) which were purified and analyzed using 13C-NMR spectroscopy which showed predominant presence of (1–4) linked β-D-xylose residues. HPLC analysis showed characteristic peaks of xylotriose, xylobiose, and xylose in the XOS mixture. The produced XOS showed concentration-dependent antioxidant activities and probiotic growth promotion. Further, the genes responsible for the metabolism of XOS in probiotics were identified and their probable interactions and coexpression of genes were studied in silico. Keywords Xylooligosaccharides . Corn cob . Antioxidant . Prebiotics . Thermomyces lanuginosus
1 Introduction I.K. and S.N. are joint first authors Highlights • Xylanase-released xylooligosaccharide (XOS) production from corn cobs is reported. • Alkali-treated corn cobs by enzymatic hydrolysis produced XOS (6.9 ± 0.03 mg/mL). • The XOS was characterized using FTIR, HPLC, and NMR. • Bio-Gel P2 was used for one-step purification and its antioxidant potential was evaluated. • STRING was used for preliminary identification of proteins and their interactions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s13399-020-00997-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Pratyoosh Shukla [email protected] 1
Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India
2
Enzyme Technology and Molecular Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Dr. Harisingh Gour Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Sagar, Madhya Pradesh 470003, India
The xylooligosaccharides (XOS) are sugar oligomers usually formed by the enzymatic catalysis of hemicellulose-rich xylan [1]. The xylanase producers are abundant in nature and xylanolytic enzymes can be easily harvested from many fungi and bacteria using agricultural residues as substrates. Xylanase can be used for the production of xylooligosaccharides (XOS) having a different degree of polymerization (DP); the biological and physiological properti
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