Energetic and thermodynamical aspects of the cyclodextrins-cannabidiol complex in aqueous solution: a molecular-dynamics
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Energetic and thermodynamical aspects of the cyclodextrins‑cannabidiol complex in aqueous solution: a molecular‑dynamics study A. J. da Silva1 · E. S. dos Santos2 Received: 8 June 2020 / Revised: 23 August 2020 / Accepted: 4 September 2020 © European Biophysical Societies’ Association 2020
Abstract Cyclodextrins (CDs) are well-known carriers for encapsulating hydrophobic molecules, while among cannabinoids, cannabidiol (CBD) has attracted considerable attention due to its therapeutic capability. In this framework, we employed molecular dynamics and docking techniques for investigating the interaction energy and thermodynamical issues between different CDs (α, β, and γ type) and CBD immersed in water and a solution mimicking a physiological environment. We quantified the energetic aspects, for different thermal conditions, in which both aqueous solutions interact with CBDs and CDs and the CBD-CDs complex itself. In order to approximate the physiological conditions, our simulations also included the mammalian temperature. The calculations revealed significant interaction energy between lactate and the CD surface and a movement of lactate toward CD as well. We observed an almost constant number of lactate molecules forming clusters without exhibiting a temperature dependence. Next, the degree of CBD-CDs complexation at four different temperatures was analyzed. The results showed that the complexation depends on the medium, becoming weaker with the temperature increment. Our findings highlighted that the entropy contribution is relevant for CBD-α-CD and CBD-β-CD, while CBD-γ-CD is practically insensitive to temperature changes for both solutions. In both water and artificial physiological solutions, the γ-CD appears more stable than the other complexes. Overall, CBD achieved partial encapsulation considering α-CD and β-CD, showing a temperature dependence, while γ-CD remained fully immersed no matter the thermal level assumed. We also discuss the pharmacological relevance and physiological implications of these findings. Keywords Ringer’s lactate solution · Cyclodextrin · Cannabidiol · Molecular dynamics · Docking · Temperature
Introduction Research into thermal effects is relevant for understanding several physiological mechanisms, such as allowing an appropriate design of different drugs. In cell biology, temperature regulates the biochemical pathways by modulating membrane fluidity, protein stability, ion channels, and Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00249-020-01463-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * A. J. da Silva [email protected] 1
Instituto de Humanidades, Artes e Ciências, Universidade Federal do Sul da Bahia, Itabuna, Bahia 45613‑204, Brazil
Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Salvador, Bahia 40210‑340, Brazil
2
receptors dynamics, among others (Mundt et al. 2018; Rosa et al. 2017; Hubbard et al. 1971; Lee and Deutsch 19
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