Energy balanced data gathering approaches, issues and research directions
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Energy balanced data gathering approaches, issues and research directions Jagrati Kulshrestha1
· Manas Kumar Mishra2
© Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and Internet of Things domain comprise of numerous small sized battery powered sensor nodes. Energy efficiency and energy balancing are very important aspects from the perspective of increasing the lifespan of WSN. Energy balancing is more important in case of multi-hop networks with many-to-one communication pattern as the nodes which are closer to the sink have more relay load than the other nodes. In this work, we present a detailed discussion on the different energy balancing approaches with a detailed analysis of each. The discussion is further accompanied by a detailed analytical comparison of the approaches. Further, this study presents a detailed analytical discussion and comparative study of the different energy balancing schemes based on mixed-hop transmission. Mixed transmissions, where each node selects between cheap hop-by-hop transmission and costly direct transmissions, is a reasonable approach to achieve balanced energy consumption. Besides, the paper also throws some light on the various issues and challenges present in the domain of mixed-hop energy balancing. It also mentions few research directions which can be focused upon to carry further research in this domain. Keywords Wireless sensor network · Internet of Things · Routing · Energy-efficiency · Energy balancing · Mixed hop transmission schemes · Hybrid transmission · Data gathering · Data propagation · Data aggregation
1 Introduction Wireless sensor networks (WSN) domain comprise of many resource (battery power, processor and bandwidth) constrained nodes that can sense different phenomenon from environment like temperature, pressure, humidity, presence of some chemical compound, radiation, vibration, etc [5,6]. The wireless sensor networks can further be integrated with the internet to provide accessibility to data of the deployed network or to control different aspects of the deployed network using the technology of Internet of Things (IoT). Sensor nodes have numerous application areas like environment monitoring [67,135], battlefield surveillance [144,
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Jagrati Kulshrestha [email protected] Manas Kumar Mishra [email protected]
1
Department of Computer Engineering and Applications, GLA University, Mathura, India
2
School of Computing Science and Engineering, V.I.T Bhopal University, Bhopal, India
145], patient/elderly people monitoring [76,146], monitoring and control of production process in industries [84,115], structural monitoring [17,31], creating smart homes [133, 134], vehicle monitoring and identification [65,115], etc. The nodes in these networks are equipped with antenna(s) [3,19,20,25,28,38,44,53,94,106,108,126,132,165] that provide the transceiver component for the communication of the data. Moreover, some recent research has also been done in designing energy harve
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