Enhancement of salt tolerance in maize ( Zea mays L.) using locally isolated Bacillus sp. SR-2-1/1
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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Enhancement of salt tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) using locally isolated Bacillus sp. SR-2-1/1 Khadija Rafiq 1 & Muhammad Sohail Akram 2 & Muhammad Shahid 3 & Uzma Qaisar 1 & Naeem Rashid 1 Received: 28 August 2019 / Accepted: 23 January 2020 # Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2020
Abstract The current study was aimed at enhancement of salt tolerance of maize by using a halotolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacterium. Maize seeds (FH-1137) were grown under salt stress with and without inoculation of a locally isolated Bacillus sp. SR-2-1/1. Inoculation of Bacillus sp. SR-2-1/1 significantly augmented the salt tolerance of maize plants which was reflected by increased contents of chlorophyll, total phenolics and proline. Moreover, inoculation of strain SR-2-1/1 resulted in less oxidative damage in terms of H2O2 production and lipid peroxidation. This was further supported by higher catalase and peroxidase production in these plants. Bacillus sp. SR-2-1/1 exhibited positive effects on the expression of photosynthesis (RBCL), antioxidants status (CAT1, APX1, APX2) and plant ion homeostasis (NHX1, SOS1, H+-PPase, and HKT1) related genes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting enhancement of salt tolerance in maize genotype FH1137 by using plant growth promoting rhizobacterium. The use of Bacillus sp. SR-2-1/1 as bio-inoculant seems to be a sustainable alternative to alleviate salt-induced damages in maize. This approach can be applied to other plant species to increase salt tolerance. Keywords Maize . Salt tolerance . Plant growth promoting rhizobacterium . Gene regulation . Bacillus
Abbreviations ANOVA Analysis of variance APX Ascorbate peroxidase Cat1 Catalase1 cDNA Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid FW Fresh weight GPX Glutathione peroxidase H+-PPase Hydrogen-Pyro phosphatase H2O2 Hydrogen peroxide HKT1 High affinity K+ Transporter 1 LB Luria-Bertani MDA Malondialdehyde Na+ Sodium ion
* Naeem Rashid [email protected]; [email protected] 1
School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
2
Department of Botany, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
3
Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
NaCl NHX PCR PGPR RBCL RNA ROS Rubisco SOS1 TBA TCA Tub UV
Sodium Chloride Na+/H+ antiporter Polymerase chain reaction Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Rubisco large subunit Ribonucleic acid Reactive oxygen species Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase Salt overly sensitive 1 Thiobarbituric acid Trichloroacetic acid Tubulin Ultraviolet
Introduction One of the major challenges, currently faced by agriculture sector, is production of additional 60% food crops for nearly 2.3 billion added population, mostly in developing countries, till 2050 (Le Mouël and Forslund 2017). A major limiting factor to combat this challenge is presence of large patches
Biologia
of saline areas as more than 20% cultivated land, worldwide, is affe
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