Enhancing rigour in the validation of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs): bridging linguistic and psychometric te
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Enhancing rigour in the validation of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs): bridging linguistic and psychometric testing Gwerfyl Roberts1*, Seren Roberts2, Richard Tranter4,5, Rhiannon Whitaker3, Emma Bedson2, Siobhan Tranter1, Delyth Prys6, Heledd Owen1 and Yvonne Sylvestre3
Abstract Background: A strong consensus exists for a systematic approach to linguistic validation of patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) and discrete methods for assessing their psychometric properties. Despite the need for robust evidence of the appropriateness of measures, transition from linguistic to psychometric validation is poorly documented or evidenced. This paper demonstrates the importance of linking linguistic and psychometric testing through a purposeful stage which bridges the gap between translation and large-scale validation. Findings: Evidence is drawn from a study to develop a Welsh language version of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and investigate its psychometric properties. The BDI-II was translated into Welsh then administered to Welsh-speaking university students (n = 115) and patients with depression (n = 37) concurrent with the English BDIII, and alongside other established depression and quality of life measures. A Welsh version of the BDI-II was produced that, on administration, showed conceptual equivalence with the original measure; high internal consistency reliability (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.90; 0.96); item homogeneity; adequate correlation with the English BDI-II (r = 0.96; 0.94) and additional measures; and a two-factor structure with one overriding dimension. Nevertheless, in the student sample, the Welsh version showed a significantly lower overall mean than the English (p = 0.002); and significant differences in six mean item scores. This prompted a review and refinement of the translated measure. Conclusions: Exploring potential sources of bias in translated measures represents a critical step in the translation-validation process, which until now has been largely underutilised. This paper offers important findings that inform advanced methods of cross-cultural validation of PROMs. Keywords: BDI-II, Linguistic validation, Patient reported outcome measures, Psychometric validation, Welsh language
Background Patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) are used increasingly in clinical practice and research where they must be fit for purpose and sensitive to patients’ cultural and linguistic needs [1]. Thus PROMs are required in a range of different languages; and the need to maintain reliability and validity of measures is paramount [2]. Whilst a rigorous multi-step approach to translation is endorsed [3,4], there are no clear recommendations * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 Centre for Health-Related Research, School of Healthcare Studies, Bangor University, Fron Heulog, Ffriddoedd Road, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2EF, UK Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
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