Epidemiology and Molecular Characterization of Rotavirus A in Fruit Bats in Bangladesh
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Ó 2020 The Author(s)
Short Communication
Epidemiology and Molecular Characterization of Rotavirus A in Fruit Bats in Bangladesh Ariful Islam,1,2 Mohammad Enayet Hossain,3 Melinda K. Rostal,1 Jinnat Ferdous,1,4 Ausraful Islam,3 Rashedul Hasan,3 Mojnu Miah,3 Mustafizur Rahman,3 Mohammed Ziaur Rahman,3 Peter Daszak,1 and Jonathan H. Epstein1 1
EcoHealth Alliance, 460 West 34th Street, Suite 17, New York, NY 10001 Centre for Integrative Ecology, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia 3 International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh 4 Institute of Epidemiology, Disease Control and Research (IEDCR), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh 2
Abstract: Rotavirus A (RVA) is the primary cause of acute dehydrating diarrhea in human and numerous animal species. Animal-to-human interspecies transmission is one of the evolutionary mechanisms driving rotavirus strain diversity in humans. We screened fresh feces from 416 bats (201 Pteropus medius, 165 Rousettus leschenaultii and 50 Taphozous melanopogon) for RVA using rRT-PCR. We detected a prevalence of 7% (95% CI 3.5–10.8) and 2% (95% CI 0.4–5.2) in P. medius and R. leschenaultii, respectively. We did not detect RVA in the insectivorous bat (T. melanopogon). We identified RVA strains similar to the human strains of G1 and G8 based on sequence-based genotyping, which underscores the importance of including wildlife species in surveillance for zoonotic pathogens to understand pathogen transmission and evolution better. Keywords: Rotavirus A, Pteropus medius, Rousettus leschenaultii, Taphozous melanopogon, G1, G8
Globally, group A rotavirus (RVAs) is the primary cause of acute dehydrating diarrhea in people, especially in children (Karampatsas et al. 2018). It also causes disease in a number of animal species (Dhama et al. 2009). RVAs are estimated to cause 215,000 deaths per year globally in children (< 5 years) (Tate et al. 2016). There is a significant amount of RVA strain diversity, and a variety of human strains share genetic and antigenic features with animal origin RVA strains (Luchs and Timenetsky 2014). Interspecies transmission is an important mechanism of RVA evolution and can contribute to the diversity of hu-
Correspondence to: Jonathan H. Epstein, e-mail: [email protected]
man RVA strains (Do et al. 2016). However, heterologous RVA infections (such as a bovine RVA isolate infecting other species) have typically resulted in lower viral titers and an absence of severe diarrhea (Sieg et al. 2015) in people. Approximately 60% of emerging infectious diseases are zoonotic, and the majority of those (72%) originate in wildlife (Jones et al. 2008). Bats are believed to be the reservoir of RVA (He et al. 2017). RVA was found in two straw-colored fruit bats (Eidolon helvum) and an Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus) in Zambia (Sasaki et al. 2018); three E. helvum, a lesser mouse-tailed bat (Rhinopoma hardwickii) and an Egyptian tomb bat (Taphozous perforatus) in Sau
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