Rotavirus
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. Rotavirus. Fig. 1 Transmission electron micrograph of negative stained rotavirus particles in human faeces. Length of bar (nm): 100(Jenkins M Regional Virus Laboratory, Birmingham, UK)
Virion Morphology:
Icosahedral, triple-layered
Envelope:
No
Diameter (nm):
75
Length (nm):
–
Structural components:
VP2, VP1 and VP3, VP6, VP4 and VP7
Buoyant density (g/mL):
1.36–1.38
Buoyant density method: CsCl gradient
C. Tidona, G. Darai (eds.), The Springer Index of Viruses, DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-95919-1, # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011
1636
Rotavirus
Lipid composition:
Not applicable
Additional information:
VP4 (spike-like trimer) interacts with VP7 and VP6; triangulation number T = 13 of double shell; 132 channels penetrating both shells (120 channels along the 6-coordinated centers and 12 along the fivefold symmetry axis)
Genome Nucleic acid:
RNA
Strandedness:
Double-stranded
Polarity:
Positive or negative-sense
Configuration:
Linear
Segment organization:
Segment no. 1 (kb):
3.3
Segment no. 2 (kb):
2.6
Segment no. 3 (kb):
2.6
Segment no. 4 (kb):
2.4
Segment no. 5 (kb):
1.6
Segment no. 6 (kb):
1.4
Segment no. 7 (kb):
1.1
Segment no. 8 (kb):
1.1
Segment no. 9 (kb):
1.1
Segment no. 10 (kb):
0.7
Segment no. 11 (kb):
0.7
11 segment(s):
18.6 (kb) total (calculated)
G + C content (%):
33–42
mRNA transcripts:
12
Open reading frames:
12
Additional information:
Most segments are monocistronic (except RNA segment 11)
Replication Entry mechanism:
Adsorption to cellular receptors followed by receptor-mediated endocytosis or direct penetration
Site of transcription:
Cytoplasm, mRNA production from subviral particles
Transcriptase:
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Site of genome replication:
Cytoplasm (within viral core after packaging of + RNA)
Replicase:
RNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Replication intermediate:
Precore RI, core RI, VP6 double-layered particle
Site of virion assembly:
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Egress mechanism:
Cell lysis or release before lysis (Caco-2 cells)
Additional information:
Group A rotaviruses reassort readily: double infection of a cell with 2 different rotavirus strains leads to simultaneous transcription of genes of both strains and protein synthesis, followed by reassortment of gene segments of both parent strains
Rotavirus
. Rotavirus replication cycle. Fig. 2 Diagrammatic representation (Use of virus particle image reconstruction (from cryoelectron micrographs) with permission from Venkataram BV Prasad, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA)
History Year of event
Event
References
1963
Murine rotaviruses discovered
Adams WR, Kraft LM (1963) Science 141:359–360
1969
Bovine rotaviruses discovered
Mebus CA et al (1969) Univ Nebraska Res Bull 233:1–16
1963
Monkey rotaviruses discovered
Malherbe HH et al (1963) S Afr Med J 52:482–485
1973
Rotaviruses discovered in duodenal biopsies of children
Bishop RF et al (1973) Lancet 2:1281–1283
1973
Rotaviruses discovered in stools of children
Flewett TH
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