Essentials of Sleep Medicine An Approach for Clinical Pulmonology
Sleep disorders represent a major portion of the chief complaints seen by pulmonologists and other physicians. Sleep apnea and hypopnea syndrome for example, are common disorders with significant adverse health consequences. Sleep apnea is associate
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M. Safwan Badr Editor
Essentials of Sleep Medicine An Approach for Clinical Pulmonology
Editor M. Safwan Badr, MD Department of Internal Medicine Harper University Hospital Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit, MI, USA [email protected]
ISBN 978-1-60761-734-1 e-ISBN 978-1-60761-735-8 DOI 10.1007/978-1-60761-735-8 Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London Library of Congress Control Number: 2011938477 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2012 All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Humana Press, c/o Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Humana Press is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)
Preface
Sleep has fascinated poets, lovers and philosophers since time immemorial. It was a metaphor for rest, rejuvenation and restoration. Physicians viewed sleep and thought of sleep as a “safe harbor” keeping illness away, and as a cuddly “teddy bear” giving warmth and serenity. Few physicians appreciated sleep complexity beyond the elemental aspects; patients need rest and sleep. Disorders of sleep were the subject of interesting discussions at teaching conferences but the only condition worthy of discussion was lack of sleep, and it was often due to tension or anxiety. The image of sleep as a quiescent period changed dramatically when scientists began to uncover the mysteries of sleep: the good, the bad and the ugly! The discovery of REM sleep altered the popular image and revealed a fascinating constellation of active processes throughout the body. However, it was sleep apnea that propelled sleep into mainstream medicine. This is a condition where sleep is anything but rest. We learned that sleep can be seen as a “grizzly bear” as we discovered that sleep apnea has significant adverse consequences and may contribute to mortality and to traffic fatalities. The initial phase of sleep medicine was marked by different specialties providing care for conditions deemed within their domain. Neurologists, psychiatrists and p
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