Estimation of Urban Transport Accessibility at the Spatial Resolution of an Individual Traveler
Accessibility, particularly for public transport users is an important consideration in sustainable mobility policies. Various accessibility measures have been suggested in the literature, most at coarse aggregate spatial resolution of zones or neighborho
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Abstract Accessibility, particularly for public transport users is an important consideration in sustainable mobility policies. Various accessibility measures have been suggested in the literature, most at coarse aggregate spatial resolution of zones or neighborhoods. Based on recently available Big Urban GIS data our aim is to measure accessibility from the viewpoint of an individual traveler who traverses the transportation network from one building as origin to another at the destination. We estimate transport accessibility by car and by public transport based on mode-specific travel times and corresponding paths, including walking and waiting. A computational application that is based on the intensive querying of relational database management systems is developed to construct high-resolution accessibility maps for an entire metropolitan area. It is tested and implemented in a case study involving the evaluation of a new light rail line in the metropolitan area of Tel Aviv. The results show essential dependence of accessibility estimates on spatial resolution—high-resolution representations of the trip enable unbiased estimates. Specifically, we demonstrate that the contribution of the LRT to accessibility is overrated at low resolutions and for longer journeys. The new approach and fast computational method can be employed for investigating the distributional effects of transportation infrastructure investments and, further, for interactive planning of the urban transport network. Keywords Accessibility • Public transport • Big data • Graph database • GIS • High-resolution spatial analysis
I. Benenson (*) • A. Rosental Department of Geography and Human Environment, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] E. Ben-Elia Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel e-mail: [email protected] Y. Rofe Switzerland Institute for Drylands Environmental and Energy Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel e-mail: [email protected] © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2017 P. Thakuriah et al. (eds.), Seeing Cities Through Big Data, Springer Geography, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-40902-3_21
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1 Introduction Accessibility is a concept used in a number of scientific fields such as transport planning, urban planning, economics, and geography. In its simplest form accessibility is the ability of people to reach necessary or desired activities using the available transportation modes (Geurs and Ritsema van Eck 2001; Garb and Levine 2002; Handy and Niemeier 1997) and is regarded as a key criterion to assess the quality of transport policy and land use development (Kenyon et al. 2002; Bristow et al. 2009). Accessibility indicators are used to evaluate the contribution of transportation investments to enable the mobility of people (labor) and goods (products) and hence to an efficient functioning of the economy. Accessibility is an essential yardstick for evaluating
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