Evaluating the Interactions Between Proteins and Components of the Immune System with Polymer Nanoparticles
The use of polymer nanoparticles in biomedicine has increased in recent years because of their potential to improve a wide range of biomedical applications, particularly as drug-delivery systems. However, the use of these nanoparticles in biomedicine has
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Evaluating the Interactions Between Proteins and Components of the Immune System with Polymer Nanoparticles Silvia Lorenzo-Abalde, Rosana Simón-Vázquez, Mercedes Peleteiro Olmedo, Tamara Lozano-Fernández, Olivia Estévez-Martínez, Andrea Fernández-Carrera and África González-Fernández
Abstract The use of polymer nanoparticles in biomedicine has increased in recent years because of their potential to improve a wide range of biomedical applications, particularly as drug-delivery systems. However, the use of these nanoparticles in biomedicine has been accompanied by significant concern regarding their biocompatibility. The success of the use of nanoparticles in biomedical applications will depend to some extent on their interactions with cells and other components of the immune system. The main focus of this chapter is the way in which the interactions between complement factors, antibodies and cells with nanoparticles can be studied. The main guidelines, protocols, and key issues to be considered in these assays will be discussed. Moreover, the potential immunogenicity induced by nanoparticles will be addressed. Immunostimulation can be beneficial for vaccine purposes as nanoparticles could activate the complement system, improve the antigenicity of weak antigens by serving as adjuvants, enhance antigen uptake, and stimulate antigen-presenting cells. In contrast, unwanted immune activation can lead to undesirable reactions in the host’s body, such as inflammation, allergic, or pseudoallergic reactions and autoimmune disorders.
Silvia Lorenzo-Abalde and Rosana Simón-Vázquez shared first-authorships. S. Lorenzo-Abalde R. Simón-Vázquez M. Peleteiro Olmedo T. Lozano-Fernández O. Estévez-Martínez A. Fernández-Carrera Á. González-Fernández (&) Immunology, Biomedical Research Center (CINBIO), Institute of Biomedical Research of Vigo (IBIV), Universidad de Vigo, Campus Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain e-mail: [email protected] R. Simón-Vázquez Institut Galien Paris Sud, Faculty of Pharmacy, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris Saclay, 5 rue J.B. Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France © Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 C. Vauthier and G. Ponchel (eds.), Polymer Nanoparticles for Nanomedicines, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-41421-8_9
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Keywords Toxicity Immunogenicity Biocompatibility Immune response Complement Endocytic routes Nanotoxicology Nanomedicine Nanovaccines
1 Introduction Nanoparticles (NPs) can interact with the immune system (either with cells and/or humoral factors) with beneficial or detrimental effects. In order to understand the potential impact of these interactions, this chapter will try to give a broad overview on several aspects: (I) First, a general view of the immune system (including the innate and the adaptive immune components; (II) the potential consequences of the interaction between nanoparticles and the immune system (phagocytosis, complement activation, cell toxicity, inflammation, etc.); (III) the potential use
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