Evaluation of electroflocculation harvesting on the antioxidant activity and toxicity of extracts from the microalgae Is
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Evaluation of electroflocculation harvesting on the antioxidant activity and toxicity of extracts from the microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum Luciana C. Ramos 1 & Ronan Batista 2 & Diego C. Carneiro 1 & Leandro J. Sousa 1 & Ayná N. Sales 1 & Suzana T. Cunha Lima 1 Received: 15 April 2020 / Revised and accepted: 16 September 2020 # Springer Nature B.V. 2020
Abstract The harvesting method is a challenge in microalgae production since it may influence the bioactivity of the product. This study aimed to evaluate if electroflocculation biomass harvesting altered the antioxidant properties and toxicity of methanol extracts from the marine microalgae Isochrysis galbana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, compared with the traditional centrifugation approach. Analyses were based on the elimination of the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical by the active ingredients from the extracts, thin-layer chromatography (TLC), calculation of IC50, and extract toxicity. Phaeodactylum tricornutum had similar DPPH-reactive fractions (with antioxidant activity) different from the β-carotene control in the TLC for both biomass-separating methods, but its IC50 was 63% higher for electroflocculation (lower antioxidant activity). Bands with antioxidant activity were absent in the TCL of I. galbana (non-DPPH-reactive) for both harvesting methods. The extracts did not present mortality for the study with the Artemia salina model. Therefore, electroflocculation can produce up to 10 times more biomass without cytotoxicity output but may decrease the antioxidant potential of microalgae extracts. Keywords Electrocoagulation . Biomass separation . Algae . Cytotoxicity
Introduction The most common methods for harvesting microalgae are centrifugation, sedimentation, flocculation, flotation, and filtration (Japar et al. 2017). Their biomass yield efficiency depends on several factors, such as the species of microalgae and the composition of the medium; however, the intended use of the biomass is an important issue that must be pre-assessed. If the final product is for pharmacological applications, the activity of the target molecules has to be considered (Cardozo et al. 2007; Uduman et al. 2010). Electroflocculation does not require additional chemicals other than those from the dissolution of electrodes during the Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10811-020-02265-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Suzana T. Cunha Lima [email protected] 1
Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Campus Ondina, Salvador, BA, Brazil
2
Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Rua Barão de Jeremoabo, 147, Campus Ondina, Salvador, BA, Brazil
harvesting process. In addition, it is environmentally acceptable, safe, and cost efficient. The material and configuration of the electrodes are important factors in this method (Lee et al. 2013; Lal et al. 2018). It has been suggested t
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