Evaluation of pan-sharpening methods for spatial and spectral quality
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Evaluation of pan-sharpening methods for spatial and spectral quality Jagalingam Pushparaj 1 & Arkal Vittal Hegde 1
Received: 20 May 2016 / Accepted: 5 December 2016 # Società Italiana di Fotogrammetria e Topografia (SIFET) 2016
Abstract Many pan-sharpening methods have been proposed to fuse the high spectral and low spatial resolution of multispectral (MS) image with the high spatial resolution of panchromatic (PAN) image to produce a multispectral image with improved spatial resolution. In this study, the effectiveness of pansharpening methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), brovey transform (BT), modified intensity hue saturation (M-IHS), multiplicative, wavelet-intensity-hue-saturation (WIHS), wavelet principal component analysis (W-PCA), hyperspectral colour space (HCS), high-pass filter (HPF), gram-schmidt (GS), subtractive resolution merge (SRM), Fuze Go and Ehlers was assessed and compared by fusing the PAN and MS imagery of Quickbird-2. The qualities of the pansharpening methods were evaluated by both visual and quantitative analyses with respect to spatial and spectral fidelity. In quantitative analysis, the spectral indices such as spectral angle mapper (SAM), relative dimensionless global error in synthesis (ERGAS), structural similarity index method (SSIM), relative average spectral error (RASE), correlation coefficient (CC) and universal image quality index (Q) were used. The spatial indices such as spatial correlation coefficient (SCC), gradient and image entropy (E) were used. The result of both analyses revealed that the Ehlers and Fuze Go methods performed better than the other methods. The Ehlers method was superior by retaining the colour information, and Fuze Go best enhanced the spatial details in the fused image. * Jagalingam Pushparaj [email protected] Arkal Vittal Hegde [email protected] 1
Department of Applied Mechanics and Hydraulics, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangaluru 575025, India
Keywords Pan-sharpening . Spectral and spatial quality . Quantitative analysis . Qualitative analysis
Introduction In remote sensing systems, the earth-observing satellites such as Quickbird, Worldview, Ikonos, Landsat and IRS series provide satellite image with increased number of spectral bands, and also, spatial resolution of the image is enhanced significantly. This satellite captures the images of earth with panchromatic (PAN) and multispectral (MS) sensors. The PAN sensors offer image with high spatial resolution. On the other hand, the MS sensors offer image with high spectral resolution but low spatial resolution when compared to the PAN image (Zhang and Mishra 2013). Generally, PAN image covers wider spectral wavelength whereas MS image covers the minute range of wavelength. Thus, there is a trade-off between the sensors in the form of spatial resolution, spectral resolution and swath width, etc., which are caused due to technical and budget limitations (Yun Zhang 2004a, b). PAN image with high spatial resolution is good for urban
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