Evaluation of Salmonella Typhi antigen YncE alongside HlyE for the detection of typhoid fever and its carriers
- PDF / 3,440,996 Bytes
- 9 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 112 Downloads / 198 Views
ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION
Evaluation of Salmonella Typhi antigen YncE alongside HlyE for the detection of typhoid fever and its carriers Freddy Franklin1 · Chun Wie Chong2 · Leong Huat Chua1 · Amy Amilda Anthony1 · Mervyn W. O. Liew1 · Ismail Aziah1 · Eugene Boon Beng Ong1 Received: 17 October 2019 / Accepted: 16 March 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Typhoid fever is a disease caused by Salmonella Typhi that was implicated in millions of illnesses worldwide annually. Individuals that do not recover fully from typhoid fever can become asymptomatic carriers of the disease. Host antibodies against the S. Typhi antigens, HlyE (for acute typhoid) and YncE (for carriers) were previously reported to be useful biomarkers for the disease. Here, we expressed and purified recombinant HlyE and YncE antigens and tested the IgG, IgA and IgM responses in 422 sera samples retrieved from acute typhoid patients, other febrile, food handlers, and healthy individuals. The results showed that HlyE-IgG, -IgA and -IgM ELISAs have a collective sensitivity of 83% while YncE-IgG and -IgA ELISAs identified 16 possible carriers based on their antibody profiles. The identification of sensitive biomarkers for typhoid carrier detection is crucial for disease eradication. Keywords Antibody · Biomarkers · Carriers · ELISA · HlyE · Typhoid · YncE
Introduction Typhoid fever is a systemic infection caused by the humanspecific pathogen Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi). Typhoid fever is estimated to be responsible for 26.9 million cases in endemic regions all over the world with a 1% mortality rate in 2017 [1, 2]. Poor hygiene practice can spread the disease through contact with food and water. Most of the individuals can clear the pathogen through their innate immune system. Nevertheless, a small number of populations may harbour the pathogen in the biliary tract and intermittently sheds the bacteria in the stool [3]. While a convalescent carrier sheds typhoid Edited by: Volkhard A. J. Kempf. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00430-020-00667-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Eugene Boon Beng Ong [email protected] 1
Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
2
bacilli for up to 12 months after the onset of acute typhoid, a chronic carrier is defined as someone who does not display any symptoms of the disease yet still shed typhoid bacilli after 1 year of contracting the disease [4]. Laboratory methods to diagnose typhoid fever and their carriers from suspected individuals using stool and blood culture are well-established. However, the major drawbacks of the culture methods are that they are time-consuming and laborious [5]. The widely used Widal test, a traditional agglutination technique, fares n
Data Loading...
