Exoplanets Detection, Formation, Properties, Habitability

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John W. Mason (Editor)

Exoplanets Detection, Formation, Properties, Habitability

Published in association with

Praxis Publishing Chichester, UK

Editor Dr John W. Mason Olympus Mons 51 Orchard Way Barnham West Sussex PO22 0HX UK Front cover illustrations: (Main image) A computer-generated simulation of a Jupitersized exoplanet shown crossing in front of the disk of its parent star. Image courtesy Jeffery Hall, Lowell Observatory. (Smaller image) Artist’s concept of a planetary disk around a brown dwarf. Image courtesy NASA/JPL-Caltech/T.Pyle (SSC). Back cover illustrations: (Top) Artist’s impression of a Saturn-mass planet orbiting the sun-like star HD149026, with atmosphere based on models by James Cho. Image courtesy Greg Laughlin, University of California, Santa Cruz. (Bottom) Artist’s impression of the Jupiter-sized planet discovered transiting a star 500 light-years from Earth. Image courtesy Jeffery Hall, Lowell Observatory. SPRINGER–PRAXIS BOOKS IN ASTRONOMY AND PLANETARY SCIENCES SUBJECT ADVISORY EDITORS: Philippe Blondel, C.Geol., F.G.S., Ph.D., M.Sc., Senior Scientist, Department of Physics, University of Bath, UK; John Mason, B.Sc., M.Sc., Ph.D.

ISBN 978-3-540-74007-0 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Springer is part of Springer-Science + Business Media (springer.com) Library of Congress Control Number: 2007935198 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. # Praxis Publishing Ltd, Chichester, UK, 2008 Printed in Germany The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Cover design: Jim Wilkie Author-generated LaTex, processed by EDV-Beratung, Germany Printed on acid-free paper

Contents

Editor’s Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi List of contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xix 1 Detection Methods and Properties of Known Exoplanets Patrick G. J. Irwin . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Detection of Extrasolar Planets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.1 Radial Velocity Detections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .