Experimental and numerical analyses of 45 steel during three dimensional severe plastic deformation (3D-SPD)
- PDF / 2,780,232 Bytes
- 11 Pages / 595.276 x 790.866 pts Page_size
- 67 Downloads / 227 Views
(2020) 20:104
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Experimental and numerical analyses of 45 steel during three dimensional severe plastic deformation (3D‑SPD) Yuhua Pang1,2 · Pengcheng Lin1,2 · Qi Sun1,2 · Zhe Zhang3 · Dong Liu3 Received: 1 April 2020 / Revised: 21 July 2020 / Accepted: 27 August 2020 © Wroclaw University of Science and Technology 2020
Abstract Due to the limitation of huge forming load, inhomogeneity of plastic deformation, and small volume of deformation region, it is difficult to prepare bulk ultra-fine grains material (UFGM) with industry size by the existing severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods. In this study, a novel SPD method, namely 3D-SPD, was proposed. By establishing finite element model, the distribution of material flow, restraining to Mannesmann effect, and comparison of load were discussed. Based on the self-developed rolling mill, the corresponding experiments were conducted. The experimental results reveal that the buck ultra-fine grains material of 45 steel was obtained under the condition of feed angle 21°, cross angle 15°, cone angle 5°, reduction rate 50%, and roll speed 30 rpm. The average grain size was refined from 46 to 0.8–4 μm. The tensile test results indicate that the yield strength and tensile strength of the rolled bar were significantly improved. Keywords Ultra-fine grains material (UFGM) · Severe plastic deformation (SPD) · Mannesmann effect · 3D-SPD · 45 steel · Grain refining
1 Introduction The preparation of ultrafine-grained materials has attracted great interest of researchers due to its excellent comprehensive performance. Especially, the research on severe plastic deformation (SPD) technology is the most significant. Severe plastic deformation (SPD) has emerged as an attractive approach for the preparation of bulk metals and alloys with ultrafine-grained (UFG) microstructure and enhanced strength and hardness, due to its inherent simplicity [1]. The existing research shows that the ultrafine-grained materials prepared by SPD technology have excellent tensile strength, high-temperature super-plasticity and frictional properties.
* Yuhua Pang [email protected] 1
School of Metallurgical Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, People’s Republic of China
2
Shaanxi Province Metallurgical Engineering Technology Research Center, Xi’an 710055, People’s Republic of China
3
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, People’s Republic of China
Over the last two decades, the most promising SPD methods are as follows: high-pressure torsion (HPT) [2–4], equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) [5–7], accumulative roll bonding (ARB) [8–10], multi-directional forging (MDF) [11–13] and torsion extrusion (TS) [14–16] due to their simplicity and aptitude to construct significant grain refinement in materials [17]. Segalet al. [18] first proposed and studied the ECAP technology for obtaining strong plastic deformation. Valiev et al. [19] obtained ultrafine-grained aluminum alloy with diame
Data Loading...
