Experimental Investigation on Metallic Droplet Behavior in Molten BOF Slag
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APPROXIMATELY 10 million tons of Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) slag are produced annually in Europe.[1,2] The BOF slag is conventionally disposed through landfill or dumping, leading to land occupation, environmental problems, and resource waste.[3,4] Many efforts have been attempted to reuse BOF slag either as a secondary resource or as added value products.[3–6] However, the application of BOF slag is restricted by its volume expansion due to the presence of free lime.[7,8] In order to stabilize BOF slag and to modify slag composition for its high-added value applications, silica-rich additives are injected into the molten BOF slag with oxygen or nitrogen as carrier gas at high temperature.[9–11] However, a poor recovery of metallic iron is found after this hot-stage slag engineering. This is
YANNAN WANG, BART BLANPAIN, and MUXING GUO are with the Department of Materials Engineering, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium Contact e-mail: [email protected] LINGLING CAO is with the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China. Contact e-mail: [email protected] MAARTEN VANIERSCHOT is with the Mechanical Engineering Technology Cluster TC, Campus Group T Leuven, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Manuscript submitted April 16, 2019. Article published online July 9, 2019. 2354—VOLUME 50B, OCTOBER 2019
probably due to the breakage of the large metallic droplets into fine ones which cannot sediment fast enough to the bottom of the slag pot and are hence trapped in the slag. Therefore, the study of metallic droplet behavior in molten slag is of significant importance for increasing metal recovery after the hot-stage slag treatment. There are a number of studies on the metallic droplet behavior in molten slag. Those works were mainly focused on the slag-metal-gas emulsion in the BOF steelmaking process[12–16] or copper slag cleaning process.[17,18] The residence time of the metallic droplets in the emulsified BOF slag has been investigated by low temperature physical modeling (e.g., mercury/glycerine or water/oil systems),[13,14] high temperature experiments[14,15] and mathematical modeling,[15,16] respectively. These studies help provide a better understanding of the refining reactions and the separation of metallic droplets from slag during metallurgical process. In the copper slag cleaning process, electromagnetic stirring is implemented to improve the coalescence of metallic droplets, leading to a higher copper recovery efficiency.[17,18] An advanced collision and coalescence algorithm was developed, where the algorithm was coupled with the Euler–Lagrangian scheme and the magneto-hydrodynamic module in the commercial code ANSYS FLUENT to predict the efficiency of copper recovery under the operational conditions of industrial pilot plants.[18] This provides a numerical method to
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B
understand the metallic droplet coalescence in the molten slag, rendering references for copper recovery in practice. However, the experime
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