Extraction of fatty acids contained in fruit from Ficus benjamina : lipid profile and thermal studies
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Extraction of fatty acids contained in fruit from Ficus benjamina: lipid profile and thermal studies Marcelo Kobelnik1 · Gustavo Guadagnucci Fontanari2 · Rosana Aparecida Manólio Soares2 · Geni Sampaio2 · Clóvis Augusto Ribeiro3 · Marisa Spirandeli Crespi3 Received: 27 February 2019 / Accepted: 12 August 2020 © Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, Hungary 2020
Abstract In this work were studied the fatty acids of the fruit from Ficus benjamina, which is a tree of the Moraceae family and is largely found in Brazil as an ornamental tree, normally used for afforestation in public ways and also for indoor residences. The fruit has a diameter around 1 cm which is appreciated by several types of birds. The lipids extraction from fruit was carried out with hexane reagent, and the fatty acids were evaluated by chromatography and also by thermal analysis. The thermal characterization was done in different purge gases and heating rates. The results obtained showed that the fatty acid has a light green colour wax with a high melting point. Chromatography analysis showed that the composition of the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids was 53.48 and 46.52%, respectively. The thermoanalytical study showed that this wax has several mass losses, which are dependent on the type of purge gas used. Details regarding their kinetic behaviour were acquired and showed that the analysis at nitrogen purge gas is very similar to that observed at carbon gas. Keywords Ficus benjamina · Fatty acids · Thermal behaviour · Chromatography
Introduction Ficus benjamina is a beautiful tree and widely used as orna‑ ment (indoor), and also in the landscaping from public ways of many cities from Brazil [1–4]. This tree is originating from Asia and developing easily in tropical climates [5]. Its fruit has a diameter around 1 cm, which is composed of thousands of tiny seeds, and is not used for human consump‑ tion, but this fruit plays an important role in the ecosystem because it is consumed by different species of birds [6]. Therefore, evaluating the potential of fatty acids of this fruit and also of different trees, in view of a sustained exploration, is of great importance, because it is possible to discover essential fatty acids for human consumption [7]. * Marcelo Kobelnik [email protected] 1
Centro Universitário do Norte Paulista, UNORP, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil
2
Departamento de Nutrição, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
3
Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Unesp – Universidade Estadual Paulista, C.P. 355, Araraquara, SP 14800‑900, Brazil
Trees, in general, can be used for timber purposes, for the recovery of degraded soils, gardening and streets affor‑ estation, obtaining fibres, dyes, gums, etc. Ficus benjamina tree has been studied by several researches, since the evalu‑ ation of the latex obtained, which is extensively studied by several authors [8–10] and also regarding the leaves, which have many bioactive molecules, with different chemical properties [11, 12
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