Extraneous Fe Increased the Carbon Retention of Sludge-Based Biochar
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Extraneous Fe Increased the Carbon Retention of Sludge‑Based Biochar Minghao Shen1,2 · Xiangdong Zhu1,2,3 · Shicheng Zhang1,2,3 Received: 27 March 2020 / Accepted: 9 November 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Pyrolysis is a promising technology for the disposal of sewage sludge. In this study, FeCl3 was selected as an additive for sludge pyrolysis. The results indicated that the FeCl3-addition strategy not only enhanced carbon retention but also enhanced the nitrogen retention of sludge-based biochar. The best enhancement effect both occurred at 500°C, and the enhanced amount reached 29.7 mg C/g sludge and 1.33 mg N/g sludge, respectively. This enhancement may be attributed to the physical isolation provided by newly formed metallic complexes or oxides. Besides, the added FeCl3 improved the polarity and aromaticity of modified biochar by retaining more oxygen-containing functional groups, and could also catalyze the decomposition of tar, resulting in the release of more small molecular substances. The quantitative estimation of carbon and nitrogen retention in provinces of China found that the enhancement in coastal provinces was significantly preceded that of inland provinces. Keywords Sewage sludge pyrolysis · Biochar · Mineral modification · Carbon retention In recent years, the strategies to mitigate the continuous increase of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere has been gaining increasing attention as the issue of global warming aggravating (Khan et al. 2013; Pratt and Tate 2018). As a typical municipal solid waste which rich in harmful substances (pathogens, heavy metals, and toxic organic compounds), sewage sludge (SS) is abundant and widely distributed around the world (Fonts et al. 2012; Hu et al. 2019). Currently, 20 million tons of SS are generated in China per year and the increasing trend will be continued in the future (Syed-Hassan et al. 2017). The traditional Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-020-03050-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Shicheng Zhang [email protected] 1
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
2
Shanghai Technical Service Platform for Pollution Control and Resource Utilization of Organic Wastes, Shanghai 200438, China
3
Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
treatment methods (incineration, composting, landfill, et cetera) of SS could release massive GHG, which will aggravate the greenhouse effect (Nan et al. 2018). Therefore, it has always been a challenge to balance the effective treatment of SS and the reduction of GHG emissions. Pyrolysis is considered to be an efficient method for the treatment of SS and simultaneously respectful of the ecological environment (Barry et al. 2019). Biochar, as a carbon-rich sol
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