Fabrication of surface-engineered superparamagnetic nanocomposites (Co/Fe/Mn) with biochar from groundnut waste residues
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ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Fabrication of surface‑engineered superparamagnetic nanocomposites (Co/Fe/Mn) with biochar from groundnut waste residues for the elimination of copper and lead metal ions Dhanya Vishnu1 · Balaji Dhandapani1 · Shankar Ram Ramakrishnan1 · Prasanna Kumar Pandian1 · Thiruvikraman Raguraman1 Received: 20 July 2020 / Accepted: 3 October 2020 © Islamic Azad University 2020
Abstract Industrial wastewater is highly toxic and needs to be treated before being let into large water bodies. They have been treated using various biological and chemical processes. In this study, integrated magnetic nanoparticles (cobalt, ferrous and manganese) are fabricated with the specific amino group on the silica-coated surface layer with the size of 50 nm. The integrated magnetic nanocomposites are combined with the biochar obtained from groundnut shell are used to eradicate copper and lead pollutants in wastewater. Analytical techniques like Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provides specific entities alike amino, hydroxyl and silica vibrational stretches; scanning electron microscopy gives over nanoadsorbent size around 30–50 nm and the presence of elemental constituents such as cobalt, manganese, ferrous, nitro, and silica was examined by energy dispersive X-ray analysis. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy figures nanoparticle size around 50 nm. Vibrating sample magnetometer determines the superparamagnetic nature of the particle to be around (magnetic saturation)—50 emu/g. Above nanoadsorbent evaluates an enhanced adsorption capacity pursued upon 436.8 mg/g for copper and 318.9 mg/g—lead ions in an optimal conditions (pH 5, temperature 30 °C, associated contact—1 h). Further exploration of zeta potential, kinetics model, two-parameter and three-parameter isotherm pattern evaluates a reaction pattern on nanoadsorbent with metallic interactions. The metal interactive study showed an excellent fit for pseudo-second order, double exponential kinetics and Langmuir–Freundlich isothermal pattern. The thermodynamic system exhibits a spontaneous and exothermic reaction process. Adsorbent possesses an excellent reusable capacity, where it could be reused for 10 continuous cycles upon the consecutive acid washes.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s40097-020-00360-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. * Balaji Dhandapani [email protected]; [email protected] 1
Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai 603 110, India
13
Vol.:(0123456789)
Journal of Nanostructure in Chemistry
Graphic abstract
Keywords Biochar · Heavy metals · Magnetic nanoparticle · Nanoadsorbent
Introduction Water is a vital component of our ecosystem to sustain life. The presence of water in liquid form has enabled life to develop on earth and allow various human activities. However, such water bodies are being contaminated by various pollutants due to unsustainable industri
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