Fabrication of Super Water-Repellent Surfaces by Nanosphere Lithography
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Fabrication of Super Water-Repellent Surfaces by Nanosphere Lithography Jau-Ye Shiu1, Chun-Wen Kuo1, Peilin Chen1*, and Chung-Yuan Mou2 1
Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128, Section 2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan 2
Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
*Corresponding author: Fax:+886-2-2782-6680
E-mail: [email protected], Tel:+886-2-2789-8000,
ABSTRACT: Inspired by the water-repellent behavior of the micro- and nano-structured plant surfaces, superhydrophobic materials, with a water contact larger than 1500, have received a lot of research attentions recently. It has been suggested that contamination, oxidation and current conduction can be inhibited on such superhydrophobic surfaces, and the flow resistance in the microfluidic channels can also be reduced using super water-repellent materials. However, to fully utilize the water-repellent properties of the nanostructured surfaces, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between the nanostructure and the water repellent behavior on surfaces, and to fabricate the nanostructured surfaces with desired surface hydrophobicity. We have developed a simple approach for fabricating tunable superhydrophobic surfaces using a combination of nanosphere lithography and plasma etching. It has been found that the water contact angle on these surfaces can be systematically tuned from 1320 to 1680 by trimming the diameters of polystyrene nanospheres using oxygen plasma. The water contact angles measured on these surfaces can be modeled by the Cassie’s formulation without any adjustable parameter.
Introduction Nanostructure is known to play an important role in biological objects [1,2]. For example, it has been demonstrated that the water-repellency of plant surfaces, or so called “lotus effect”, is due to the surface roughness caused by different nanostructures and the hydrophobic property of the epicuticular wax. Such water-repellent surfaces could be used for many industrial applications including
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inhibition of snow sticking, contamination, oxidation and current conduction, and reduction in flow resistance in microfluidic channels [3,4]. To realize these potential applications, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between the nanostructure and the water repellent behavior on surfaces, which would allow us to control the surface wetting property. Lots of recent studies have been conducted on the so-called “superhydrophobic” materials whose water contact angles are larger than 1500 [5-19]. However, to fully utilize the water-repellent properties of the nanostructured surfaces, it is necessary to investigate the relationship between the nanostructure and the water repellent behavior on surfaces, and to fabricate the nanostructured surfaces with desired surface hydrophobicity. In this paper, we describe a simple fabrication method for fabricating well-ordered nanostructured surfaces whose surface hydrophobicity can be modeled and tuned. Experimental Nanosphere lithography [
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