Facile fabrication of HDPE-g-MA/nanodiamond nanocomposites via one-step reactive blending
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NANO EXPRESS
Open Access
Facile fabrication of HDPE-g-MA/nanodiamond nanocomposites via one-step reactive blending Ping’an Song1,2*, Youming Yu1, Qiang Wu1 and Shenyuan Fu1*
Abstract In this letter, nanocomposites based on maleic anhydride grafted high density polyethylene (HDPE-g-MA) and amine-functionalized nanodiamond (ND) were fabricated via one-step reactive melt-blending, generating a homogeneous dispersion of ND, as evidenced by transmission electron microscope observations. Thermal analysis results suggest that addition of ND does not affect significantly thermal stability of polymer matrix in nitrogen. However, it was interestingly found that incorporating pure ND decreases the thermal oxidation degradation stability temperature, but blending amino-functionalized ND via reactive processing significantly enhances it of HDPE in air condition. Most importantly, cone tests revealed that both ND additives and reactive blending greatly reduce the heat release rate of HDPE. The results suggest that ND has a potential application as flame retardant alternative for polymers. Tensile results show that adding ND considerably enhances Young’s modulus, and reactive blending leads to further improvement in Young’s modulus while hardly reducing the elongation at break of HDPE. Keywords: Nanodiamond, Polyethylene, Nanocomposites, Flammability, Mechanics
Background With the increasingly rapid need for synthetic polymers due to their various advantages over conventional materials, their inherent flammability, however, is gradually limiting their many potential applications for safety considerations [1]. Thus, it is rather crucial to explore nontoxic and environmentally friendly flame retardancy approaches for polymer materials [2]. Among various polymers, polyolefin is much more flammable due to its saturated hydrocarbon structure and non-char-forming nature. Recently, nanocomposites have been reported to significantly reduce the flammability properties of polymers only by adding very low loading of nanoscale additives, offering an alternative to conventional flame retardants [1,3,4]. So far, layered silicates or clay [5-7], carbon-based nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [1,8-10], C60[1113], and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes [14,15] have been reported to improve significantly the thermal stability and flame retardancy of polymers. Recently, another carbon-based nanomaterial, nanodiamond (ND), * Correspondence: [email protected]; [email protected] 1 Department of Materials, College of Engineering, Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University, Lin’an, Hangzhou 311300, China 2 Institute of Polymer Composites, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
has been widely used in the field of material science and engineering because of its unique properties such as the highest bulk modulus, high wear resistance, superior thermal conductivity and stability, excellent electrical insulating, and outstanding tribological properties[16,17]. It has been reported that the addition of ND could improve the mechan
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