Fertility variation, seed collection and gene diversity in natural stands of Taurus cedar ( Cedrus libani )
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Fertility variation, seed collection and gene diversity in natural stands of Taurus cedar (Cedrus libani) Nebi Bilir1 · Kyu‑Suk Kang2 Received: 3 May 2020 / Revised: 28 August 2020 / Accepted: 6 October 2020 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2020
Abstract Seed stand is a natural forest population that is one of the essential seed sources for global seed supply. Individual fertility is an ability to produce progeny to next generation. Prediction of fertility variation is useful for seed quality, ecosystem management and gene conservation. Fertility variation and gene diversity in seed stands of Taurus cedar were estimated based on the difference in strobilus production between female and male parents. A total of 50 trees were randomly chosen from each stand, and female and male strobili were counted for three consecutive years. The mean of female strobili ranged from 31 to 150, and that of male ranged between 77 and 828. The variation in strobilus production was subjected to estima‑ tion of female and male fertility variation. The total fertility variation ( Ψ ) was estimated from the female and male fertility variation. The Ψ in a good crop year was smaller than in a poor year. The effective number of parents (Np) was calculated based on the Ψ , which varied from 34.7 to 44.2. When strobilus productions were pooled across 3 years or populations, the Np increased. Equal cone harvest could mitigate the fertility variation among individuals but caused loss of seed produc‑ tion. Mixing seeds from different years could also decrease the fertility variation and increase the gene diversity of seeds. However, a balance between the size of Np and the number of pooling years should be carefully considered for maintaining the gene diversity in the natural stands. Keywords Forest reproductive material · Effective population size · Strobilus production · Parental balance curve · Equal cone harvest
Introduction Taurus cedar (Cedrus libani A. Rich), also called as Leba‑ non cedar, is a valuable timber species and quite striking part of flora in the landscape. It is endemic to elevated mountains around the Eastern Mediterranean in Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey. Taurus cedar is classified as one of the economically important species for Turkish forestry and the “National Tree Breeding and Seed Production Programme” (Koski and Antola 1993) because of its valuable wood product and
Communicated by Oliver Gailing. * Kyu‑Suk Kang [email protected] 1
Faculty of Forestry, Isparta University of Applied Sciences, 32260 Isparta, Turkey
Department of Agriculture, Forestry, and Bioresources, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
2
the largest natural distribution on the Taurus Mountains in southern Turkey (Boydak 2003). Taurus cedar forests cover about 463,000 ha according to Turkish forest inventory, while Boydak (2003) reported that the suitable plantation area for the species was 600,000 ha. Annual seed production is about 139 tones based on for‑ estry inventory between
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