Finding a context for objectivity
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Finding a context for objectivity Eleonora Montuschi1 Received: 4 November 2019 / Accepted: 20 November 2020 © The Author(s) 2020
Abstract Several and repeated attempts have been made to say what objectivity consists of and why it should be pursued in research. In the first part of this paper two main strategies are singled out, sharing the assumption that there is a way (or different ways) objectivity can be thought of in the abstract (which does not mean without content), and that it can be instantiated in context—and in enough contexts to justify the abstract case. But not only is this assumption open to the objection that objectivity so conceived does not admit of one clear definition (even a disjunctive one) that is appropriate in many or most contexts where we intend the term to do its work. It also does not seem to pay specific attention to what actually constitutes a context of practice, when we think of objectivity in some relation to such context. The aim of this paper is to question how context works both as a mechanism of meaning formation for the concept of objectivity, and as a practical framework for pursuing research objectively. To articulate a suitable notion of context some insight from recent literature in the philosophy of science is first introduced and then adapted to show how research practices successfully achieve objectivity as one of their aims. It will be argued that an idea of context that includes activities which (in a way to be qualified) are relevant and reliable towards a settled aim is the model of practice that makes objectivity a pursuable task in research. This contextual picture of objectivity, it will be suggested, might better serve the purpose of scientific research (including social research) than either of the two descriptive strategies outlined at the beginning of this paper can do. Keywords Context · System of practice · Coherent activities · Relevance · Reliability · Aims, internal and external · Objective research
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Eleonora Montuschi [email protected] Department of Philosophy and Cultural Heritage, University Ca’ Foscari of Venice, Dorsoduro 3484/D, 30123 Venice, Italy
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Synthese
1 Preliminary distinctions A traditionally held claim normally associated with scientific inquiry is that via the right procedures and by applying the right rules we can obtain objective knowledge. Science does possess both. Therefore, objectivity is a reasonable expectation of scientific inquiry, and it is guaranteed by following the rules and procedures made available by science. The claim is threefold: besides being methodological, as just suggested, it is ontological (what goes into our knowledge is what there is ‘in the world’) and epistemological (knowing that something is the case equally translates into universal agreement about what is known) On this general backdrop long-established debates on what scientific objectivity consists of include several and repeated attempts to say what objectivity consists of and why it should be pursued. And here things get more c
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