Foliar C/N stoichiometry in urban forest trees on a global scale
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ORIGINAL PAPER
Foliar C/N stoichiometry in urban forest trees on a global scale Hongxu Wei1 · Xingyuan He1,2
Received: 27 November 2019 / Accepted: 19 March 2020 © Northeast Forestry University 2020
Abstract Foliar C/N stoichiometry is an indicator of geochemical cycling in forest ecosystems, but the driving changes for its response to urbanization at the wide scale is not clear. In this study, data on tree-leaf C and N stoichiometry were collected in papers from across 105 tree species from 82 genera and 46 families. The foliar C/N of urban forest trees varied among different climate zones and tree taxonomic variation and tended to be higher in trees of urban forests near the equator and in eastern regions, mainly driven by lowered foliar N concentration. Neither the foliar C concentration nor foliar C/N for trees of urban forests was statistically higher than those of rural forests. For variation by taxonomic classification, C 4 species Amaranthus retroflexus and Chenopodium ambrosoides (Amaranthaceae) had lower foliar C/N than did other species and families. Myrsine guianensis (Primulaceae) and Myconia Project funding: This study is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41971122, 41861017), Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA23070503), National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2016YFC0500300), and the Scholarship of Chinese Academy of Sciences for Overseas Study. The online version is available at http://www.springerlink.com. Corresponding editor: Zhu Hong. * Xingyuan He [email protected] 1
Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, People’s Republic of China
2
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People’s Republic of China
fallax (Asteraceae) had the highest foliar C/N. Therefore, urbanization has not caused a significant response in forest trees for foliar C/N. The change in foliar N concentration was globally the main force driving of the differences in foliar C/N for most tree species in urban forests. More work is needed on foliar C/N in trees at cities in polar regions and the Southern Hemisphere. Keywords Ecosystem cycling · City habitat · Isometric scaling · Suburb · Remote town · N deposition
Introduction In 2018, an estimated 55.3% of the world’s population lived in urban settlements (United Nation 2018). By 2030, urban areas are projected to house 60% of the global people, and one in every three people will live in cities with at least half a million inhabitants. Urban areas are the source of greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, and N2O), the precursor of tropospheric O3, particulates (Wang et al. 2020), and temperature elevation (Shen et al. 2008; Li et al. 2014), which can drive regional and global changes in the environment. Urban forests are thus ahead of the global-change “response curve” among forests in their region (Carreiro and Tripler 2005). Mu
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